Proto-Austronesian

Proto-language (reconstructed) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyProto-language (reconstructed) SpeakersExtinct (hypothetical) ScriptNone / reconstructed CountriesTaiwan (Formosan homeland, hypothetical) Official inNone Vitalityextinct

Proto-Austronesian (PAN) is the reconstructed ancestor of the Austronesian family — one of the world's largest, spanning from Madagascar to Easter Island. It is generally placed on Taiwan around 4000–3000 BCE, before the great maritime expansion across Island Southeast Asia and the Pacific; the reconstruction — pioneered by Dempwolff and later refined by Dyen and especially Blust and Starosta — draws heavily on the divergent Formosan languages, whose decisive importance for high-order subgrouping was recognized only after Dempwolff, whose own reconstruction rested on Malayo-Polynesian witnesses.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Proto-Austronesian

Water

*daNum

/daNum/

Fire

*Sapuy

/Sapuy/

Sun

*waRi

/waRi/

Moon

*bulaN

/bulaN/

Star

*bituqen

/bituqen/

Mother

*ina

/ina/

Father

*ama

/ama/

I

*aku

/aku/

You

*iSu

/iSu/

Name

*ŋajan

/ŋajan/

Eye

*maCa

/maCa/

Hand

*lima

/lima/

Heart

*pusuq

/pusuq/

Love

/—/

Tree

*kaSiw

/kaSiw/

House

*Rumaq

/Rumaq/

Dog

*asu

/asu/

Cat

/—/

Eat

*kaen

/kaen/

Drink

*inum

/inum/

One

*isa

/isa/

Two

*duSa

/duSa/

Hello

/—/

Thank you

/—/

Good

/—/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Proto-language (reconstructed) languages

Meaning Proto-AustronesianBabuza (Favorlang)PazehKavalanBununOld MalayOld Tagalog
Water *daNum /daNum/ zalum /zalum/ dalum /da.lum/ zanum /zaˈnum/ danum /danum/ ayar /ajar/ ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /tubiɡ/
Fire *Sapuy /Sapuy/ apoi /apoi/ hapuy /ha.puj/ ramaz /raˈmaz/ sapuz /sapuz/ api /api/ ᜀᜉᜓᜌ᜔ /apuj/
Sun *waRi /waRi/ /—/ rizax /ɾi.zax/ siban /siˈban/ vali /vali/ matari /matari/ ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ /araw/
Moon *bulaN /bulaN/ zilias /siliəs/ ilas /i.las/ buran /buˈran/ buan /buan/ bulan /bulan/ ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔ /buwan/
Star *bituqen /bituqen/ botto /botːo/ mintol /mintol/ bituqan /bituqan/ bintuhan /bintuhan/ bintang /bintaŋ/ ᜊᜒᜆᜓᜁᜈ᜔ /bituʔin/
Mother *ina /ina/ tina /tina/ ina /i.na/ tina /ˈtina/ tina /tina/ ibu /ibu/ ᜁᜈ /ina/
Father *ama /ama/ tama /tama/ aba /a.ba/ tama /ˈtama/ tama /tama/ bapa /bapa/ ᜀᜋ /ama/
I *aku /aku/ ka-ina /kaina/ yaku /jaku/ aiku /aiku/ saikin /saikin/ aku /aku/ ᜀᜃᜓ /ako/
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