Western Yugur

Turkic (Siberian)

FamilyTurkic (Siberian) Speakers~3.6–5K L1 (critically endangered) ScriptUnwritten in native tradition; Latin romanization used in scholarship (Roos 2000). Speakers otherwise read/write Chinese. Official inNot official; regional/minority language in China with no official status

Western Yugur (also Saryg Yugur) is a Siberian Turkic language spoken by roughly 3,600–5,000 Yugur people in Sunan Yugur Autonomous County, Gansu, China. It is genealogically unrelated to Eastern Yugur, the Mongolic language spoken by another part of the same ethnic group, and is also distinct from modern Uyghur. Western Yugur is agglutinative, normally uses SOV word order, and preserves several archaic Turkic features while also showing long contact with Mongolic, Tibetan, and Chinese. It has no widely used native writing standard; scholarly works use Latin transcription, while speakers generally read and write Chinese. Intergenerational transmission is weakening, so the language is classified as threatened or shifting.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Western Yugur

Water

su

/su/

Fire

ot

/ot/

Sun

kün

/kʰyn/

Moon

aj

/aj/

Star

yiltus

/jɯltɯs/

Mother

ana

/ana/

Father

ata

/ata/

I

men

/men/

You

sen

/sen/

Name

at

/at/

Eye

kez

/kez/

Hand

ɨlɨɣ

/ɯlɯɣ/

Heart

jörek

/jørek/

Love

/—/

Tree

terik

/terik/

House

/jy/

Dog

əʂt

/ɯʂt/

Cat

/—/

Eat

ji

/ji/

Drink

ɨš

/ɯʃ/

One

per

/pɪr/

Two

šigɨ

/ʃiɣɯ/

Hello

/—/

Thank you

/—/

Good

yaş

/jɑʂ/

Words compared

Compared with related Turkic (Siberian) languages

Meaning Western YugurTofaKarakhanidProto-TurkicOld TurkicNogaiKumyk
Water su /su/ суғ /suɣ/ suw /suw/ *sub /sub/ 𐰽𐰆𐰉 /sub/ сув /suv/ сув /suv/
Fire ot /ot/ от /ot/ ot /ot/ *ōt /ōt/ 𐰆𐱃 /ot/ от /ot/ от /ot/
Sun kün /kʰyn/ хүн /xyn/ kün /kyn/ *kün /kün/ 𐰚𐰰𐰣 /kyn/ күн /kyn/ гюн /ɡyn/
Moon aj /aj/ ай /aj/ ay /aj/ *āń /āń/ 𐰀𐰖 /aj/ ай /aj/ ай /aj/
Star yiltus /jɯltɯs/ сылдыс /sɯldɯs/ yultuz /jultuz/ *jultuz /jultuz/ 𐰖𐰆𐰞𐱃𐰆𐰕 /jultuz/ юлдыз /juldɯz/ юлдуз /julduz/
Mother ana /ana/ ийе /ije/ ana /ana/ *ana /ana/ 𐰜𐰏 /øɡ/ ана /ana/ ана /ana/
Father ata /ata/ ача /atʃa/ ata /ata/ *ata /ata/ 𐰴𐰭 /qaŋ/ атай /ataj/ ата /ata/
I men /men/ мен /men/ men /men/ *ben /ben/ 𐰋𐰤 /ben/ мен /men/ мен /men/
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