Aldfrysk

Old Frisian

Indo-European · historical / hidden variety

FamilyIndo-European SpeakersExtinct (~1100-1500 CE; ancestor of modern Frisian) ScriptLatin CountriesHistorical: Friesland Official inNo (extinct; modern Frisian fy in original territory) Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3ofs

Old Frisian was the West Germanic language of the Frisians from c. 1100 to c. 1500, the historical ancestor of modern West Frisian (fy), Saterland Frisian (stq), and North Frisian (frr). It is sister to Old English (ang) within the Anglo-Frisian subgroup, and the Frisian-English bond is one of the closest within Germanic — Old Frisian and Old English share the second Anglo-Frisian Brightening (front umlaut), the loss of the West Germanic nasal before fricatives, and many vocabulary items. Reconstructed primarily from the Skeltana-Riucht law code and other medieval manuscripts. After the late 15th century, Old Frisian gradually evolved into Middle Frisian and then modern Frisian varieties.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Old Frisian

Water

wetir

/wetir/

Fire

fiur

/fjuːɾ/

Sun

sunne

/sunːe/

Moon

mōna

/moːnɑ/

Star

stera

/ˈstɛra/

Mother

moder

/moːdeɾ/

Father

feder

/fædeɾ/

I

ik

/ik/

You

thū

/θuː/

Name

nama

/ˈnama/

Eye

āge

/aːɣe/

Hand

hond

/hond/

Heart

herte

/heɾte/

Love

minne

/minːe/

Tree

bām

/baːm/

House

hūs

/huːs/

Dog

hund

/hund/

Cat

katte

/katːe/

Eat

eta

/etɑ/

Drink

drinka

/dɾinkɑ/

One

ān

/aːn/

Two

twā

/twaː/

Hello

heil

/heil/

Thank you

thank

/θank/

Good

gōd

/ɡoːd/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Indo-European languages

Meaning Old FrisianOld EnglishOld SaxonMiddle EnglishOld NorseLow GermanMiddle High German
Water wetir /wetir/ wæter /wæter/ watar /ˈwatar/ water /watər/ vatn /vɑtn/ Water /vɑːtɐ/ wazzer /ˈwatser/
Fire fiur /fjuːɾ/ fȳr /fyːr/ fiur /fiur/ fyr /fyːr/ eldr /eldr/ Füer /fyːɐ/ viur /viur/
Sun sunne /sunːe/ sunne /sunːe/ sunna /ˈsunːa/ sonne /sɔnːə/ sól /soːl/ Sünn /zʏn/ sunne /ˈzunːə/
Moon mōna /moːnɑ/ mōna /moːnɑ/ māno /ˈmaːno/ mone /moːnə/ máni /mɑːni/ Maan /maːn/ mâne /ˈmaːnə/
Star stera /ˈstɛra/ steorra /ˈstæɔrːɑ/ sterro /ˈsterro/ sterre /ˈstɛrːə/ stjarna /ˈstjarna/ Steern /steːrn/ sterne /ˈstɛrnə/
Mother moder /moːdeɾ/ mōdor /moːdor/ modar /ˈmoːdar/ moder /moːdər/ móðir /moːðir/ Moder /moːdɐ/ muoter /ˈmuoːtər/
Father feder /fædeɾ/ fæder /fæder/ fader /ˈfadər/ fader /faːdər/ faðir /fɑðir/ Vader /fɑːdɐ/ vater /ˈfatər/
I ik /ik/ ic /itʃ/ ik /ik/ I /iː/ ek /ek/ ik /ɪk/ ich /ix/
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