近世韓國語

Korean (Early Modern)

Koreanic · historical / hidden variety

FamilyKoreanic SpeakersExtinct (~17th-19th c.) ScriptHangul / Hanja CountriesJoseon Korea Official inJoseon Dynasty Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3okm

Early Modern Korean (근대국어 geundae-gugeo, ~17th-19th century) is the transitional stage between Middle Korean and the contemporary standard, spanning late Joseon. It saw the loss of phonemic pitch-accent (~17c.), the disappearance of the vowel ㆍ arae-a (~18c. spelling, ~16c. speech), simplification of the consonant cluster system (ㅄ, ㅴ → ㅆ etc.), reorganization of the seven-vowel system, and a steady rise in vernacular Hangul literature alongside continued Hanja-based scholarship. Sirhak ("practical learning") reformers and Han'gul-printed novels (e.g. Chunhyangjeon 춘향전) drove mass Hangul literacy beyond elite Confucian circles. Direct ancestor of Modern Korean as we know it; the orthographic and grammatical norms standardized after the 1933 Unified Hangul Spelling System resolved residual EM-era variation.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Korean (Early Modern)

Water

/mɯl/

Fire

/pɯl/

Sun

ᄒᆡ

/hʌj/

Moon

/tal/

Star

/pjəl/

Mother

어미

/ʌmi/

Father

아비

/abi/

I

/na/

You

/nə/

Name

일홈

/irhom/

Eye

/nun/

Hand

/son/

Heart

마음

/maɯm/

Love

ᄉᆞ랑

/saɾaŋ/

Tree

나모

/namo/

House

/tɕip/

Dog

/kɛ/

Cat

괴앙이

/kweaŋi/

Eat

먹다

/mʌk̚t͈a/

Drink

마시다

/maɕida/

One

하나

/hana/

Two

/tul/

Hello

안녕하시오

/annjʌŋ.ha.ɕi.o/

Thank you

고맙소이다

/komap.so.i.da/

Good

됴타

/tjotʰa/

Cuckoo

뻐꾹새

/p͈ʌk͈uk̚s͈ɛ/

Computer

주판

/tɕupʰan/

Sushi

식해

/ɕikʰɛ/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Koreanic languages

Meaning Korean (Early Modern)Middle KoreanKorean (Jeolla)Korean (Hamgyong)KoreanKorean (Busan)Yanbian Korean
Water /mɯl/ /mɯl/ /mul/ /mul/ /mul/ /mul/ /mul/
Fire /pɯl/ /pɯl/ /pul/ /pul/ /pul/ /pul/ /pul/
Sun ᄒᆡ /hʌj/ ·ᄒᆡ /hʌj/ /hɛ/ /hɛ/ /hɛ/ /hɛ/ /hɛ/
Moon /tal/ ᄃᆞᆯ /tʌl/ /tal/ /tal/ /tal/ /tal/ /tal/
Star /pjəl/ /pjəl/ /pjəl/ /pjəl/ /pjʌl/ /pjʌl/ /pjʌl/
Mother 어미 /ʌmi/ 어미 /ʌmi/ 어매 /ʌmɛ/ 어머이 /ʌmʌi/ 어머니 /ʌmʌni/ 엄마 /ʌmma/ 오마니 /omani/
Father 아비 /abi/ 아비 /abi/ 아베 /abe/ 아바이 /abai/ 아버지 /abʌdʑi/ 아부지 /abudʑi/ 아바이 /abai/
I /na/ /na/ /na/ /na/ /na/ /na/ /na/
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Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Korean (Early Modern)
저는 旅館 맞은편 가게 ‌에서 衣服을 입어보고 싶사이다
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 看到的 那套西装
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

Compare with closely-related languages

저는 호텔 맞은편 가게 ‌에서 양복을 입어보고 싶수다
저는 호텔 맞은편 가게 ‌에서 양복을 입어보고 싶어요
저는 호텔 맞은편 가게 ‌에서 양복을 입어보고 싶습니데이
저는 호텔 맞은편 가게 ‌에서 양복을 입어보고 싶습니다
Korean (Early Modern)
저는 旅館 맞은편 가게 ‌에서 衣服을 입어보고 싶사이다

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