古代韓國語

Old Korean (Silla)

Koreanic · historical / hidden variety

FamilyKoreanic SpeakersExtinct (~7-10c. CE — Silla unified Korea) ScriptHyangchal (Chinese characters used semantically + phonetically); Idu CountriesAncient Korea (Silla kingdom) Official inSilla court Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3oko

Old Korean is the earliest documented stage of Korean, attested via the 25 hyangga (郷歌) poems preserved in Samguk Yusa (1281) and Gyunyeo's biography (1075), plus place/personal names and idu records in Samguk Sagi. Most lexical reconstruction is anchored to the Silla period; reconstructions follow Lee KM (1993, 2003), Sohn (1999), and Whitman (2015).

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Old Korean (Silla)

Water

/*muɾ/

Fire

/*puɾ/

Sun

/*hai/

Moon

月羅理

/*tʌrari/

Star

/—/

Mother

母史

/*əzi/

Father

/*api/

I

/*na/

You

/*nə/

Name

/—/

Eye

/*nun/

Hand

/*son/

Heart

心音

/*mʌsʌm/

Love

思良

/*sjaɾaŋ/

Tree

那木

/*namok/

House

/*tɕip/

Dog

加伊

/*kahi/

Cat

/—/

Eat

/*məkta/

Drink

/*maɕita/

One

一等

/*hʌnah/

Two

二肹

/*tubɨɾ/

Hello

/—/

Thank you

/—/

Good

/*tjoh/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Koreanic languages

Meaning Old Korean (Silla)Goryeo KoreanProto-KoreanicMiddle KoreanKorean (Early Modern)Korean (Jeolla)Korean
Water /*muɾ/ /*mwol/ *mɨr /mɨr/ /mɯl/ /mɯl/ /mul/ /mul/
Fire /*puɾ/ /*pwol/ *pɨr /pɨr/ /pɯl/ /pɯl/ /pul/ /pul/
Sun /*hai/ /*hʌi/ *hʌy /hʌy/ ·ᄒᆡ /hʌj/ ᄒᆡ /hʌj/ /hɛ/ /hɛ/
Moon 月羅理 /*tʌrari/ /*tʌl/ *tʌr /tʌr/ ᄃᆞᆯ /tʌl/ /tal/ /tal/ /tal/
Star /—/ /—/ *pyər /pyər/ /pjəl/ /pjəl/ /pjəl/ /pjʌl/
Mother 母史 /*əzi/ 丫彌 /*emi/ *emi /emi/ 어미 /ʌmi/ 어미 /ʌmi/ 어매 /ʌmɛ/ 어머니 /ʌmʌni/
Father /*api/ 丫秘 /*api/ *api /api/ 아비 /abi/ 아비 /abi/ 아베 /abe/ 아버지 /abʌdʑi/
I /*na/ /—/ *na /na/ /na/ /na/ /na/ /na/
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