제주어

Jeju

Koreanic (Jeju)

FamilyKoreanic (Jeju) Speakers~5K (UNESCO: critically endangered) ScriptHangul CountriesSouth Korea Official inNo Vitalitycritically-endangered ISO 639-3jje

Also known as: Jeju, Jejueo

Jeju (제주어 Jejueo, also 제주말) is a critically-endangered Koreanic language indigenous to Jeju Island and the Chuja archipelago, with only ~5K-10K fluent speakers — almost all elders born before 1950 — out of an island population of 700K. UNESCO listed it as critically endangered in 2010. Mutually unintelligible with mainland Korean; many linguists (Yang, O'Grady, Kim) treat it as a sister language rather than a dialect, splitting from proto-Koreanic ~1,500-2,000 years ago. Preserves features lost on the mainland: a phonemic front-rounded vowel /ø/ (ㅚ retained as monophthong), simplified honorific system, native lexical strata absent on the peninsula, and the volcanic-island culture of the haenyeo women free-divers (UNESCO ICH 2016). Cultural anchor of Jeju identity alongside the haenyeo tradition.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Jeju

Water

/mul/

Fire

/pul/

Sun

/hɛ/

Moon

/tal/

Mother

어멍

/ʌmʌŋ/

Father

아방

/abaŋ/

Eat

먹엉

/mʌɡʌŋ/

Drink

마셩

/maɕjʌŋ/

Love

사랑

/saɾaŋ/

Heart

모심

/mosim/

Tree

/naŋ/

House

/t͡ɕip̚/

Dog

/kɛ/

Cat

괭이

/kwɛŋi/

Hand

/son/

Eye

/nun/

Hello

혼저옵서예

/hond͡ʑʌop̚s͈ʌje/

Thank you

고맙수다

/komap̚s͈uda/

One

하나

/hana/

Good

좋앙

/t͡ɕoaŋ/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Koreanic (Jeju) languages

Meaning JejuKorean (Hamgyong)Korean (DPRK)Yanbian KoreanKorean (Jeolla)Korean (Busan)Korean
Water /mul/ /mul/ /mul/ /mul/ /mul/ /mul/ /mul/
Fire /pul/ /pul/ /pul/ /pul/ /pul/ /pul/ /pul/
Sun /hɛ/ /hɛ/ /hɛ/ /hɛ/ /hɛ/ /hɛ/ /hɛ/
Moon /tal/ /tal/ /tal/ /tal/ /tal/ /tal/ /tal/
Mother 어멍 /ʌmʌŋ/ 어머이 /ʌmʌi/ 어머니 /ʌmʌni/ 오마니 /omani/ 어매 /ʌmɛ/ 엄마 /ʌmma/ 어머니 /ʌmʌni/
Father 아방 /abaŋ/ 아바이 /abai/ 아버지 /abʌd͡ʑi/ 아바이 /abai/ 아베 /abe/ 아부지 /abud͡ʑi/ 아버지 /abʌd͡ʑi/
Eat 먹엉 /mʌɡʌŋ/ 먹어 /mʌɡʌ/ 먹어 /mʌɡʌ/ 먹어 /mʌɡʌ/ 묵어 /muɡʌ/ 묵어 /muɡʌ/ 먹다 /mʌk̚t͈a/
Drink 마셩 /maɕjʌŋ/ 마셔 /maɕjʌ/ 마셔 /maɕjʌ/ 마셔 /maɕjʌ/ 마셔 /maɕjʌ/ 마셔 /maɕjʌ/ 마시다 /maɕida/
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Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Jeju
저는 호텔 맞은편 가게 ‌에서 양복을 입어보고 싶수다
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 看到的 那套西装
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

Compare with closely-related languages

Jeju
저는 호텔 맞은편 가게 ‌에서 양복을 입어보고 싶수다
저는 호텔 맞은편 가게 ‌에서 양복을 입어보고 싶어요
저는 호텔 맞은편 가게 ‌에서 양복을 입어보고 싶습니데이
저는 호텔 맞은편 가게 ‌에서 양복을 입어보고 싶습니다
저는 旅館 맞은편 가게 ‌에서 衣服을 입어보고 싶사이다

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