Mussau

Mussau-Emira

Austronesian

FamilyAustronesian Speakers~5K ScriptLatin CountriesPapua New Guinea Official inNo (English/Tok Pisin/Hiri Motu official; Mussau-Emira is recognized regionally) Vitalitydefinitely endangered ISO 639-3emi

Mussau-Emira is an Oceanic Austronesian language of the Mussau-Emira subgroup, spoken on the St Matthias Group islands north of New Ireland Province in Papua New Guinea. The St Matthias Group consists of Mussau (the larger island, ~5,000 inhabitants) and Emira (smaller, ~500 inhabitants), plus some smaller atolls. Linguistically, Mussau-Emira is interesting for its highly conservative phonology — it preserves Proto-Oceanic features lost in most Western Oceanic languages, including a 5-vowel system with no length distinction, simple consonant inventory, and SVO constituent order with classical Oceanic person-marking on verbs. SIL Bible translation work since the 1970s produced the New Testament (1995) and standardized Mussau orthography.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Mussau-Emira

Water

eai

/eai/

Fire

kuraa

/kuˈraː/

Sun

ariu

/aɾiu/

Moon

malam

/malam/

Star

katoto

/katoto/

Mother

nia

/nia/

Father

tama

/tama/

I

agi

/aɡi/

You

io

/io/

Name

arari

/arari/

Eye

mata

/mata/

Hand

lima

/lima/

Heart

lalota

/lalota/

Love

talimi

/talimi/

Tree

rikei

/ɾikei/

House

ulemi

/ulemi/

Dog

kovur

/kovuɾ/

Cat

busi

/busi/

Eat

anu

/anu/

Drink

inum

/inum/

One

esa

/esa/

Two

lua

/lua/

Hello

emua

/emua/

Thank you

poasi

/poasi/

Good

rop

/ɾop/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Austronesian languages

Meaning Mussau-EmiraFijianTokelauanSamoanTuvaluanMandarNiuean
Water eai /eai/ wai /wai/ vai /vai/ vai /vai/ vai /vai/ uai /uai/ vai /vai/
Fire kuraa /kuˈraː/ buka /mbuka/ afi /afi/ afi /afi/ afi /afi/ api /api/ afi /afi/
Sun ariu /aɾiu/ matanisiga /matanisiŋa/ la /la/ /laː/ laa /laː/ mata allo /mata alːo/ /laː/
Moon malam /malam/ vula /βula/ malama /malama/ māsina /maːsina/ masina /masina/ bulang /bulaŋ/ mahina /mahina/
Star katoto /katoto/ kalokalo /kalokalo/ fetu /fetu/ fetū /fetuː/ fetū /feˈtuː/ bittoeng /bittoeŋ/ fetū /feˈtuː/
Mother nia /nia/ tina /tina/ mātua /maːtua/ tinā /tinaː/ maatua /maːtua/ indo /indo/ matua fifine /matua fifine/
Father tama /tama/ tama /tama/ tamana /tamana/ tamā /tamaː/ tamana /tamana/ ama /ama/ matua taane /matua taːne/
I agi /aɡi/ au /au/ au /au/ a'u /aʔu/ au /au/ iyau /ijau/ au /au/
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