Fiji Baat

Fiji Hindi

Indo-European > Indo-Aryan > Eastern Hindi/Bihari (Awadhi–Bhojpuri-based koiné)

FamilyIndo-European > Indo-Aryan > Eastern Hindi/Bihari (Awadhi–Bhojpuri-based koiné) Speakers~380K ScriptLatin and Devanagari (both co-official, Latin dominant in everyday use) CountriesFiji, with diaspora in New Zealand, Australia, Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom Official inFiji (English, Fijian and Hindustani were given equal official status by s.4(1) of the 1997 Constitution — the 2013 Constitution names no official language but requires Hindi translations of the Constitution and compulsory conversational Fiji Hindi in schools) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3hif

Fiji Hindi, known locally as Fiji Baat, is the Indo-Aryan koiné that grew up among the descendants of the girmitiyas — indentured labourers brought from Awadh and Bhojpur to Fiji's sugar plantations between 1879 and 1916. Its core is Eastern Hindi rather than Standard Hindi: the first person singular is ham, 'two' is dui, 'fire' is aagi, and verbs are cited in an -o form (khao 'eat', pio 'drink'). A century of contact has layered in iTaukei Fijian words (nangona 'kava', nakai 'freshwater mussel') and a heavy English stratum, so that the ordinary word for cat is pusi, from English 'pussy'. It is written in both Devanagari and the Latin alphabet, with Latin dominant in print and on the Fiji Hindi Wikipedia. It remains the home language of nearly all Indo-Fijians and is a compulsory school subject, but emigration after the 1987 and 2000 coups has cut the community sharply.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Fiji Hindi

Water

paani

/paːni/

Fire

aagi

/aːɡi/

Sun

suraj

/suːrədʒ/

Moon

chaand

/tʃãːd/

Star

taaraa

/taːraː/

Mother

amma

/əmːaː/

Father

baap

/baːp/

I

ham

/ɦəm/

You

tum

/tʊm/

Name

naam

/naːm/

Eye

aankhi

/ãːkʰi/

Hand

haath

/haːtʰ/

Heart

dil

/dɪl/

Love

pyaar

/pjaːr/

Tree

perr

/peɽ/

House

ghar

/ɡʱər/

Dog

kutta

/kʊtːaː/

Cat

pusi

/pusi/

Eat

khao

/kʰaːo/

Drink

pio

/pio/

One

ek

/ek/

Two

dui

/dʊi/

Hello

namaste

/nəməste/

Thank you

dhanbaad

/dʱənbaːd/

Good

achchha

/ətʃtʃʰaː/

Computer

computer

/kəmpjuːʈər/

Words compared

Compared with related Indo-European > Indo-Aryan > Eastern Hindi/Bihari (Awadhi–Bhojpuri-based koiné) languages

Meaning Fiji HindiCaribbean HindustaniBhojpuriHindiHaryanviLambadiMaithili
Water paani /paːni/ paani /paːni/ पानी /paːniː/ पानी /paːniː/ पाणी /paːɳiː/ पानी /paːniː/ पानी /paːniː/
Fire aagi /aːɡi/ aag /aːɡ/ आगि /aːɡɪ/ आग /aːɡ/ आग /aːɡ/ आग /aːɡ/ आगि /aːɡi/
Sun suraj /suːrədʒ/ suuraj /suːɾədʒ/ सूरज /suːɾədʒ/ सूरज /suːɾədʒ/ सूरज /suːɾədʒ/ सुरज /suɾədʒ/ सूरज /suːrədʒ/
Moon chaand /tʃãːd/ caand /tʃãːd/ चाँद /tʃãːd/ चाँद /tʃãːd/ चांद /tʃãːd/ चांद /tʃãːd/ चान /tʃaːn/
Star taaraa /taːraː/ taaraa /taːraː/ तारा /taːɾaː/ तारा /taːɾaː/ तारा /taːɾaː/ तारो /t̪aːro/ तारा /taːraː/
Mother amma /əmːaː/ mai /mai/ माई /maːiː/ माँ /mãː/ माई /maːiː/ मा /maː/ माय /maːj/
Father baap /baːp/ baap /baːp/ बाबू /baːbuː/ पिता /pitaː/ बापू /baːpuː/ बाप /baːp/ बाबू /baːbuː/
I ham /ɦəm/ ham /ɦəm/ हम /ɦəm/ मैं /mɛ̃ː/ मैं /mɛ̃ː/ हूं /hũː/ हम /ɦəm/
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