Azhepu
Kiazhe
Sino-Tibetan
Azhe (Azhepu, "Azhe people") is a Loloish language of southeastern Yunnan, China, spoken in Mile and Yiliang counties of Honghe Hani-Yi Autonomous Prefecture. The Azhe are recognized by the Chinese government as part of the broader Yi nationality (ethnic group), though the Azhe variety is mutually unintelligible with the prestige Yi (Nuosu) variety (ii) of Liangshan Prefecture. Azhe is famous in Chinese ethnomusicology as the language of the "Azhe Tiao Yue" ("Azhe Jumping Moon Dance"), an iconic ritual dance with extensive song lyrics in Azhe documented since the 1950s. Linguistically, Azhe shows typical Loloish features: tonal (4 tones), classifier-noun constructions, and a rich vocabulary for terraced rice agriculture.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 20 ya msingi katika Kiazhe
Maji
ʑɿ
/ʑɿ˧˧/
Moto
mi
/mi˧˧/
Jua
ŋni
/ŋnʲi˧˧/
Mwezi
ɬɛ
/ɬɛ˧˧/
Mama
amo
/amo˧˧/
Baba
ada
/ada˧˧/
Kula
dza
/dza˧˧/
Kunywa
du
/du˧˧/
Upendo
ŋa
/ŋa˧˧/
Moyo
si
/si˧˧/
Mti
sɿ
/sɿ˧˧/
Nyumba
ɣɯ
/ɣɯ˧˧/
Mbwa
kʰɯ
/kʰɯ˧˧/
Paka
vi
/vi˧˧/
Mkono
la
/la˧˧/
Jicho
ȵi
/ȵi˧˧/
Habari
mosu
/mosu˧˧/
Asante
katɕʰɿ
/katɕʰɿ˧˧/
Moja
tsʰɿ
/tsʰɿ˧˧/
Nzuri
mu
/mu˧˧/
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Sino-Tibetan zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kiazhe | Kiyi (Nuosu) | Kiwu cha Wenzhou | Kiakha | Kitaishan | Kimandarini cha Lanyin | Kitujia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | ʑɿ /ʑɿ˧˧/ | ꒉ /ʑɿ˧˧/ | 水 /sɿ˧˥/ | i tsi /i˧tsɨ˧/ | 水 /ɬui˧˧/ | 水 /sui˥˧/ | zi /t͡sɨ˥˧/ |
| Moto | mi /mi˧˧/ | ꃆꄔ /mu˨˩tu˥/ | 火 /hu˧˥/ | mji /mji˧/ | 火 /fɔ˥˥/ | 火 /xo˥˧/ | mi /mi˥˧/ |
| Jua | ŋni /ŋnʲi˧˧/ | ꉘꁮ /ho˧˧bu˧˧/ | 日头 /zai˨˩˧dau˧˩/ | nyi ma /ɲi˧ma˧/ | 日头 /ɲit˨˨hau˧˧/ | 日头 /ʐɨ˨˦tʰəu˨˦/ | ni /ni˧˥/ |
| Mwezi | ɬɛ /ɬɛ˧˧/ | ꆪ /ɬɯ˨˩/ | 月光 /ɦyø˨˩˧kuɔ˧˧/ | ba la /ba˧la˧/ | 月光 /ɲut˧˧kwɔŋ˨˨/ | 月亮 /yɛ˦˦ljaŋ/ | nie /nie˧˥/ |
| Mama | amo /amo˧˧/ | ꀊꂿ /a˧˧mo˧˧/ | 阿娘 /a˧˩ɲiɛ˧˩/ | a ma /a˧ma˧/ | 阿妈 /a˧˧ma˥˥/ | 妈 /ma˧˧/ | a-mie /a˧mie˧/ |
| Baba | ada /ada˧˧/ | ꀊꀧ /a˧˧bo˧˧/ | 阿爸 /a˧˩pa˧˧/ | a da /a˧da˧/ | 阿爸 /a˧˧pa˥˥/ | 爸 /pa˥˧/ | a-pa /a˧pa˧/ |
| Kula | dza /dza˧˧/ | ꋠ /dzɯ˧˧/ | 食 /d͡zai˨˩˧/ | za /dza˧/ | 食 /ɬik˧˧/ | 吃 /tʂʰɨ˧˧/ | za /t͡sa˨˩/ |
| Kunywa | du /du˧˧/ | ꄸ /tu˧˧/ | 吃 /kʰa˧˧/ | tu /tu˧/ | 饮 /ɲim˧˧/ | 喝 /xɛ˧˧/ | da /ta˧/ |
| Upendo | ŋa /ŋa˧˧/ | ꉂ /ŋɡu˧˧/ | 爱 /ai˦˨/ | gaq /ɡaʔ˧/ | 爱 /ɔi˧˧/ | 爱 /ɛ˨˦/ | aci /a˧˥t͡si˥/ |
| Moyo | si /si˧˧/ | ꌋ /si˧˧/ | 心 /saŋ˧˧/ | ne ma /ne˧ma˧/ | 心 /ɬim˨˨/ | 心 /ɕin˧˩/ | xin /ɕin˧/ |
| Mti | sɿ /sɿ˧˧/ | ꌩꁧ /sɿ˧˧bo˧˧/ | 树 /zɿ˧˩/ | aq xeu /aʔ˧ɕeu˧/ | 树 /ɬi˧˨/ | 树 /sɨ˨˦/ | si /sɨ˧˥/ |
| Nyumba | ɣɯ /ɣɯ˧˧/ | ꑳ /ji˧˧/ | 屋 /au˧˩/ | nyma /ɲma˧/ | 屋 /uk˥˥/ | 房子 /faŋ˨˦tsɨ/ | li /li˧˥/ |
| Mbwa | kʰɯ /kʰɯ˧˧/ | ꈌ /kʰɯ˧˧/ | 犬 /kʰyø˧˥/ | jia /tɕa˧/ | 狗 /kau˧˧/ | 狗 /kəu˥˧/ | kvʼ /kʰə˨˩/ |
| Paka | vi /vi˧˧/ | ꀉꑐ /a˧˦ɲɛ˧˧/ | 猫 /mau˧˧/ | a yi /a˧ji˧/ | 猫 /miau˨˨/ | 猫 /mau˧˧/ | mau /mau˧/ |
| Mkono | la /la˧˧/ | ꇇ /lo˥/ | 手 /ɕiu˧˥/ | la pa /la˧pa˧/ | 手 /ɬau˧˧/ | 手 /sou˥˧/ | lo /lo˨˩/ |
| Jicho | ȵi /ȵi˧˧/ | ꑓ /ɲɔ˧˧/ | 眼睛 /ŋa˨˩˧t͡saŋ˧˧/ | nyaq /ɲaʔ˧/ | 眼 /ŋaːn˧˧/ | 眼睛 /jɛn˥˧tɕin/ | mie /mie˨˩/ |
| Habari | mosu /mosu˧˧/ | ꂿꎆꈐ /mo˧˧su˧˧kɤ˧˧/ | 你好 /ŋ˧˩hau˧˥/ | u du la /u˧du˧la˧/ | 你好 /nei˧˧hau˧˧/ | 你好 /ni˥˧xau˥˧/ | shu shu /ʃu˧ʃu˧/ |
| Asante | katɕʰɿ /katɕʰɿ˧˧/ | ꃰꊿ /vo˧˧tso˧˧/ | 谢谢 /zia˨˩˧zia/ | gv ya /ɡɯ˧ja˧/ | 多谢 /tɔ˨˨ɬɛ˧˨/ | 谢谢 /ɕjɛ˨˦ɕjɛ/ | angzai /aŋ˧˥t͡sai˥/ |
| Moja | tsʰɿ /tsʰɿ˧˧/ | ꋍ /tsʰɿ˨˩/ | 一 /iai̯˥/ | ti /ti˧/ | 一 /it˥˥/ | 一 /ji˧˧/ | lao /lao˧˥/ |
| Nzuri | mu /mu˧˧/ | ꉾ /xɯ˧˧/ | 好 /hau˧˥/ | jau /tɕau˧/ | 好 /hau˧˧/ | 好 /xau˥˧/ | ngaq /ŋaʔ˧˥/ |
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