پنجابی

Western Punjabi

Indo-European

FamilyIndo-European Speakers~64M ScriptShahmukhi CountriesPakistan Official inPakistan Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3pnb

Western Punjabi (Lahnda Punjabi, written in Shahmukhi script) is one of the largest languages in the world that is rarely covered in international media. With around 64 million speakers, it is the dominant native language of Pakistan, where it is spoken by about 38% of the population in the Punjab province (Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan, Rawalpindi). Linguistically, ISO 639-3 separates Western Punjabi (pnb) from Eastern Punjabi (pa) of India due to script and dialect differences — Pakistani Punjabi is written in Shahmukhi (Perso-Arabic) script while Indian Punjabi is written in Gurmukhi (Sikh sacred script). Despite its enormous speaker base, Western Punjabi has limited official recognition in Pakistan, where Urdu and English are the prestigious state lingua francas. Movements to elevate Punjabi to provincial official status have been ongoing since the 1980s.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Western Punjabi

Water

پانی

/pɑːɳiː/

Fire

اگ

/əɡː/

Sun

سورج

/suːɾədʒ/

Moon

چن

/tʃən/

Mother

ماں

/mɑ̃ː/

Father

ابا

/əbbɑː/

Eat

کھانا

/kʰɑːɳɑː/

Drink

پینا

/piːɳɑː/

Love

عشق

/ɪʃq/

Heart

دل

/dɪl/

Tree

درخت

/dəɾəxt/

House

گھر

/kʰəɾ/

Dog

کتا

/kʊtːɑː/

Cat

بلی

/bɪlːiː/

Hand

ہتھ

/hətːʰ/

Eye

اکھ

/əkːʰ/

Hello

اسلام علیکم

/əsːəlɑːmu ʕəleːkʊm/

Thank you

شکریہ

/ʃʊkɾɪjɑː/

One

اک

/ɪkː/

Good

چنگا

/tʃəŋɡɑː/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Indo-European languages

Meaning Western PunjabiPunjabiSaraikiHaryanviKachhiDogriUrdu
Water پانی /pɑːɳiː/ ਪਾਣੀ /pɑːɳiː/ پاݨی /paːɳiː/ पाणी /paːɳiː/ પાણી /pɑːɳiː/ पाणी /paːɳiː/ پانی /paːniː/
Fire اگ /əɡː/ ਅੱਗ /əɡː/ اَگ /əɡ/ आग /aːɡ/ બાહ /bɑːh/ अग्ग /aɡː/ آگ /aːɡ/
Sun سورج /suːɾədʒ/ ਸੂਰਜ /suːɾədʒ/ سُورج /suːrəd͡ʒ/ सूरज /suːɾədʒ/ સૂરજ /suːɾəd͡ʒ/ सूरज /suːraj/ سورج /suːɾəd͡ʒ/
Moon چن /tʃən/ ਚੰਦ /tʃənd/ چن /tʃən/ चांद /tʃãːd/ ચન્દ્ર /t͡ʃəndɾə/ चन्न /tʃanː/ چاند /t͡ʃãːd/
Mother ماں /mɑ̃ː/ ਮਾਂ /mɑ̃ː/ ماں /maːŋ/ माई /maːiː/ અમ્મા /əmmɑː/ मां /mãː/ ماں /mãː/
Father ابا /əbbɑː/ ਪਿਤਾ /pɪtɑː/ ابا /əbbaː/ बापू /baːpuː/ અબ્બા /əbbɑː/ बापू /baːpuː/ والد /vaːlid/
Eat کھانا /kʰɑːɳɑː/ ਖਾਣਾ /kʰɑːɳɑː/ کھاوݨ /kʰaːʋəɳ/ खाणा /kʰaːɳaː/ ખાઇણું /kʰɑːiɳũ/ खाना /kʰaːnaː/ کھانا /kʰaːnaː/
Drink پینا /piːɳɑː/ ਪੀਣਾ /piːɳɑː/ پیوݨ /piːʋəɳ/ पीणा /piːɳaː/ પીણું /piːɳũ/ पीना /piːnaː/ پینا /piːnaː/
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