پنجابی

Western Punjabi

Indo-European

FamilyIndo-European Speakers~64M ScriptShahmukhi CountriesPakistan Official inNo (Urdu and English are the official languages of Pakistan) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3pnb

Western Punjabi (Lahnda Punjabi, written in Shahmukhi script) is one of the largest languages in the world that is rarely covered in international media. With around 64 million speakers, it is the dominant native language of Pakistan, where it is spoken by about 38% of the population in the Punjab province (Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan, Rawalpindi). Linguistically, ISO 639-3 separates Western Punjabi (pnb) from Eastern Punjabi (pa) of India due to script and dialect differences — Pakistani Punjabi is written in Shahmukhi (Perso-Arabic) script while Indian Punjabi is written in Gurmukhi (Sikh sacred script). Despite its enormous speaker base, Western Punjabi has limited official recognition in Pakistan, where Urdu and English are the prestigious state lingua francas. Movements to elevate Punjabi to provincial official status have been ongoing since the 1980s.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Western Punjabi

Water

پانی

/pɑːɳiː/

Fire

اگ

/əɡː/

Sun

سورج

/suːɾədʒ/

Moon

چن

/tʃən/

Star

تارا

/t̪aːɾaː/

Mother

ماں

/mɑ̃ː/

Father

ابا

/əbbɑː/

I

میں

/mɛ̃ː/

You

تُوں

/tũː/

Name

ناں

/nãː/

Eye

اکھ

/əkːʰ/

Hand

ہتھ

/hətːʰ/

Heart

دل

/dɪl/

Love

عشق

/ɪʃq/

Tree

درخت

/dəɾəxt/

House

گھر

/kə̀ɾ/

Dog

کتا

/kʊtːɑː/

Cat

بلی

/bɪlːiː/

Eat

کھانا

/kʰɑːɳɑː/

Drink

پینا

/piːɳɑː/

One

اک

/ɪkː/

Two

دو

/d̪oː/

Hello

اسلام علیکم

/əsːəlɑːmu ʕəleːkʊm/

Thank you

شکریہ

/ʃʊkɾɪjɑː/

Good

چنگا

/tʃəŋɡɑː/

Cuckoo

کوئل

/koːɪl/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Indo-European languages

Meaning Western PunjabiPunjabiSaraikiHindkoHaryanviUrduDogri
Water پانی /pɑːɳiː/ ਪਾਣੀ /pɑːɳiː/ پاݨی /paːɳiː/ پانی /paːniː/ पाणी /paːɳiː/ پانی /paːniː/ पाणी /paːɳiː/
Fire اگ /əɡː/ ਅੱਗ /əɡː/ اَگ /əɡ/ اگ /aɡ/ आग /aːɡ/ آگ /aːɡ/ अग्ग /aɡː/
Sun سورج /suːɾədʒ/ ਸੂਰਜ /suːɾədʒ/ سُورج /suːrədʒ/ سورج /soːradʒ/ सूरज /suːɾədʒ/ سورج /suːɾədʒ/ सूरज /suːraj/
Moon چن /tʃən/ ਚੰਦ /tʃənd/ چن /tʃən/ چن /tʃan/ चांद /tʃãːd/ چاند /tʃãːd/ चन्न /tʃanː/
Star تارا /t̪aːɾaː/ ਤਾਰਾ /t̪aːɾaː/ تارا /taːɾaː/ تارا /t̪aːɾaː/ तारा /taːɾaː/ ستارہ /sɪt̪aːɾaː/ तारा /taːraː/
Mother ماں /mɑ̃ː/ ਮਾਂ /mɑ̃ː/ ماں /maːŋ/ ماں /mãː/ माई /maːiː/ ماں /mãː/ मां /mãː/
Father ابا /əbbɑː/ ਪਿਤਾ /pɪtɑː/ ابا /əbbaː/ پیو /pju/ बापू /baːpuː/ والد /vaːlid/ बापू /baːpuː/
I میں /mɛ̃ː/ ਮੈਂ /mɛ̃ː/ مَیں /mɛ̃ː/ میں /mɛ̃ː/ मैं /mɛ̃ː/ میں /mɛ̃ː/ औं /ɔ̃ː/
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