Maninkakan

Western Maninkakan

Niger-Congo

FamilyNiger-Congo Speakers~0.75–1M ScriptLatin CountriesGuinea (Kankan Region, upper Niger valley) Official inGuinea (recognized national language); Mali (recognized national) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3mlq

Western Maninkakan (Maninka of Guinea, formally "Maninkakan" alone) is the principal Manding variety of Guinea, sister to Bambara (bm, Mali) and Kita Maninkakan (mwk) within the Manding cluster. Spoken by ~750,000-1,000,000 people, primarily in the upper Niger River valley around Kankan, Guinea — the historic heart of the Mali Empire (13th-16th c.) and the cultural anchor of the Maninka people. Linguistically, Western Maninka shares Manding features with Bambara (subject-verb-object, verb-final aspect markers, classifier-noun constructions) but has distinctive tone system and vocabulary. The N'Ko script (1949 by Souleymane Kanté) is widely used for Maninka literacy.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Western Maninkakan

Water

ji

/dʒi/

Fire

tasuma

/tasuma/

Sun

tile

/tile/

Moon

kalo

/kalo/

Star

lolo

/lolo/

Mother

na

/na/

Father

fa

/fa/

I

ne

/ne/

You

i

/i/

Name

tɔɔ

/tɔː/

Eye

nya

/ɲa/

Hand

bolo

/bolo/

Heart

dusu

/dusu/

Love

kanu

/kanu/

Tree

yiri

/jiɾi/

House

so

/so/

Dog

wulu

/wulu/

Cat

nyaakuma

/ɲaːkuma/

Eat

don

/don/

Drink

min

/min/

One

kelen

/kelen/

Two

fila

/fila/

Hello

i ni sögöma

/i ni soɣoma/

Thank you

i ni baara

/i ni baːɾa/

Good

nyuman

/ɲuman/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Niger-Congo languages

Meaning Western ManinkakanKita ManinkakanXaasongaxangoEastern ManinkaDyulaBambaraKonabéré
Water ji /dʒi/ ji /dʒi/ ji /dʒi/ ji /dʒi/ ji /dʒi/ ji /dʒi/ ji /dʒi/
Fire tasuma /tasuma/ tasuma /tasuma/ tasuma /tasuma/ tasuma /tasuma/ tasuma /tasuma/ tasuma /tasuma/ ta /ta/
Sun tile /tile/ tle /tle/ tile /tile/ tile /tile/ tile /tile/ tile /tile/ tile /tile/
Moon kalo /kalo/ kalo /kalo/ kalo /kalo/ kalo /kalo/ kalo /kalo/ kalo /kalo/ kalo /kalo/
Star lolo /lolo/ lolo /lolo/ lolo /lolo/ lolo /lolo/ dolo /dólo/ dolo /dòlo/ tɛnɛ /tɛ̀nɛ̀/
Mother na /na/ ba /ba/ ba /ba/ ba /ba/ ba /ba/ ba /ba/ ba /ba/
Father fa /fa/ fa /fa/ fa /fa/ fa /fa/ fa /fa/ fa /fa/ fa /fa/
I ne /ne/ ne /ne/ ne /ne/ ne /ne/ ń /ŋ́/ ne /nè/ n /ǹ/
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