Patwa

Jamaican Patois

English-based creole

FamilyEnglish-based creole Speakers~3M ScriptLatin CountriesJamaica Official inNo Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3jam

Jamaican Patois (Patwa, Jamaican Creole) is spoken by ~3M in Jamaica plus ~1M+ in the UK/USA/Canada diaspora. It is an English-lexifier creole with substantial West African (Akan, Igbo) substrate, emerged on 17th-19th c. Jamaican sugar plantations; the Maroon communities preserved Akan-influenced varieties (Trelawny Town, Accompong) into the 20th c. Globally recognized through reggae (Bob Marley), dancehall, Rastafarian culture, and Jamaican literature (Louise Bennett-Coverley); the Cassidy-JLU orthography (1961, refined 2003) provides a phonemic Latin spelling distinct from English. Constitutionally protected from discrimination since 2002 but English remains sole official language.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Jamaican Patois

Water

wata

/wɑːtə/

Fire

faya

/faja/

Sun

son

/sɔn/

Moon

muun

/muːn/

Mother

mada

/mɑdə/

Father

fada

/fɑdə/

Eat

nyam

/ɲam/

Drink

drink

/dɹɪŋk/

Love

lov

/lɔv/

Heart

aat

/aːt/

Tree

chrii

/tʃɹiː/

House

ous

/ɔus/

Dog

daag

/daːɡ/

Cat

puss

/pʊs/

Hand

an

/an/

Eye

yai

/jaɪ/

Hello

wah gwaan

/wɑ ɡwɑːn/

Thank you

tanks

/taŋks/

One

wan

/wan/

Good

gud

/ɡʊd/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related English-based creole languages

Meaning Jamaican PatoisBelize KriolBahamian CreoleHawaiian CreoleEnglish (Singapore)English (Yorkshire)English (Irish)
Water wata /wɑːtə/ waata /wɑːtɑ/ watah /wɑːtə/ wata /wɑtə/ water /wɔːtə/ water /wɔːtə/ water /wɑːtəɹ/
Fire faya /faja/ faiya /fajə/ fyah /fajə/ faia /fɑɪə/ fire /fajə/ fire /faɪə/ fire /fɑɪəɹ/
Sun son /sɔn/ son /sɔn/ son /sɔn/ san /sɑn/ sun /san/ sun /sʊn/ sun /sʊn/
Moon muun /muːn/ moon /muːn/ moon /muːn/ mun /muːn/ moon /muːn/ moon /muːn/ moon /muːn/
Mother mada /mɑdə/ mada /mɑdə/ mama /mama/ madda /mɑdə/ mother /madə/ mother /mʊðə/ mother /mʊðəɹ/
Father fada /fɑdə/ faada /faːdə/ daddy /dadi/ fadda /fɑdə/ father /fadə/ father /fɑːðə/ father /fɑːðəɹ/
Eat nyam /ɲam/ nyam /ɲam/ eat /iːt/ eat /iːt/ eat /iːt/ eat /iːt/ eat /iːt/
Drink drink /dɹɪŋk/ jrink /dʒɾɪŋk/ drink /dɹɪŋk/ drink /dɹɪŋk/ drink /dɹɪŋk/ drink /dɹɪŋk/ drink /dɹɪŋk/
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Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Jamaican Patois
Mi waan try on di suit weh mi did si inna di shop cross from di hotel
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 看到的 那套西装
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

Compare with closely-related languages

I like try on da suit I wen see inside da shop across from da hotel
Jamaican Patois
Mi waan try on di suit weh mi did si inna di shop cross from di hotel
I wan try di suit wey I see for di shop for front of di hotel
Mi laik traim dispela sut mi lukim long stua long het bilong hotel

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