Okanisi tongo

Aukan (Ndyuka)

English-based creole

FamilyEnglish-based creole Speakers~30K (Suriname) + ~15K (French Guiana) ScriptLatin CountriesSuriname Official inNo (Sranan Tongo dominant in Suriname; French dominant in French Guiana) Vitalityvulnerable ISO 639-3djk

Aukan (Ndyuka, Okanisi) is the principal Maroon Creole of the Eastern Suriname Maroon group, descended from West African Akan/Gbe-speaking enslaved populations who escaped Dutch plantations in the 18th century and established autonomous communities in the rainforest of the Tapanahony River. Eastern Maroon Creoles include Ndyuka, Aluku (alu), and Paramaccan (pmk), all derived from a 17th-18th century English-based plantation creole that the Maroons preserved in geographic isolation while Sranan Tongo (srn) urbanized in coastal Suriname. Distinct from Sranan in phonology (preservation of /ɲ/, longer vowels), morphology, and substantial Akan vocabulary. The Maroon kingdom maintained independence from Dutch colonial rule until 1760 (treaty), preserving cultural and linguistic distinctness.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Aukan (Ndyuka)

Water

watra

/watra/

Fire

faya

/faja/

Sun

son

/soŋ/

Moon

mun

/mun/

Star

sitari

/siˈtari/

Mother

mma

/mːa/

Father

tata

/tata/

I

mi

/mi/

You

yu

/ju/

Name

nen

/nɛn/

Eye

ai

/ai/

Hand

ana

/ana/

Heart

ati

/ati/

Love

lobi

/lobi/

Tree

bon

/boŋ/

House

osu

/osu/

Dog

dagu

/daɡu/

Cat

poesi

/pusi/

Eat

nyan

/ɲaŋ/

Drink

diingi

/diːŋi/

One

wan

/wan/

Two

tu

/tu/

Hello

fa yu de

/fa ju de/

Thank you

gaantangi

/ɡaːntaŋi/

Good

boon

/boːŋ/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related English-based creole languages

Meaning Aukan (Ndyuka)Sranan TongoKrioBislamaNigerian PidginPijinTok Pisin
Water watra /watra/ watra /watra/ wata /ˈwata/ wota /wota/ wọtá /wɔta/ wata /wata/ wara /waɾa/
Fire faya /faja/ faya /faja/ faya /ˈfaja/ faea /faea/ faya /faja/ faea /faja/ paia /paja/
Sun son /soŋ/ son /son/ san /san/ san /san/ sọn /sɔn/ san /san/ san /san/
Moon mun /mun/ mun /mun/ mun /mun/ mun /mun/ mun /mun/ mun /mun/ mun /mun/
Star sitari /siˈtari/ stari /ˈstari/ star /staː/ sta /sta/ star /staː/ sta /sta/ sta /sta/
Mother mma /mːa/ mama /mama/ mama /ˈmama/ mama /mama/ mama /mama/ mami /mami/ mama /mama/
Father tata /tata/ papa /papa/ papa /ˈpapa/ papa /papa/ papa /papa/ dadi /dadi/ papa /papa/
I mi /mi/ mi /mi/ mi /mi/ mi /mi/ A /a/ mi /mi/ mi /mi/
Page 1/4

Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.