Español puertorriqueño

Spanish (Puerto Rican)

Romance

FamilyRomance Speakers~3.5M ScriptLatin CountriesPuerto Rico Official inSpanish (co-official with English in Puerto Rico)

Puerto Rican Spanish is a Caribbean variety derived from 16th–18th century Andalusian Spanish with Canarian influences, overlaid with Taíno indigenous substrate and West African phonetic patterns. Key features: (1) Syllable-final /r/ → [l] or uvular [χ] (lambdacism/lateralization); (2) Syllable-final /s/ → [h] or zero (aspiration/deletion); (3) Intervocalic /d/ → deletion (padre [pai̯], madre [mai̯]); (4) Word-final /n/ → [ŋ] (velarization); (5) Vowel lengthening after coda /s/ deletion; (6) Fricative /x/ consistently realized as [h]; (7) Rhotics exhibit extensive variation including uvular re

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Spanish (Puerto Rican)

Water

agua

/aɣwa/

Fire

fuego

/fweɣo/

Sun

sol

/sol/

Moon

luna

/luna/

Mother

madre

/mai̯/

Father

padre

/pai̯/

Eat

comer

/komel/

Drink

beber

/beβel/

Love

amor

/amol/

Heart

corazón

/koɾason/

Tree

árbol

/aɾβol/

House

casa

/kasa/

Dog

perro

/pelo/

Cat

gato

/ɡato/

Hand

mano

/mano/

Eye

ojo

/oho/

Hello

hola

/ola/

Thank you

gracias

/ɡɾasjaʰ/

One

uno

/uno/

Good

bueno

/bweno/

Words compared

Compared with related Romance languages

Meaning Spanish (Puerto Rican)Panamanian SpanishSpanish (Chile)Spanish (Cuban)SpanishSpanish (Dominican Republic)Spanish (Ecuadorian)
Water agua /aɣwa/ agua /aɣwa/ agua /aɣwa/ agua /aɣwa/ agua /aɣwa/ agua /aɣwa/ agua /aɣwa/
Fire fuego /fweɣo/ fuego /fweɣo/ fuego /fweɣo/ fuego /fweɣo/ fuego /fweɣo/ fuego /fweɣo/ fuego /fweɣo/
Sun sol /sol/ sol /sol/ sol /sol/ sol /sol/ sol /sol/ sol /sol/ sol /sol/
Moon luna /luna/ luna /luna/ luna /luna/ luna /luna/ luna /luna/ luna /luna/ luna /luna/
Mother madre /mai̯/ madre /maðɾe/ madre /maðɾe/ madre /maðɾe/ madre /madɾe/ madre /maðɾe/ madre /maðɾe/
Father padre /pai̯/ padre /paðɾe/ padre /paðɾe/ padre /paðɾe/ padre /padɾe/ padre /paðɾe/ padre /paðɾe/
Eat comer /komel/ comer /komeɾ/ comer /komeɾ/ comer /komeɾ/ comer /komer/ comer /kome/ comer /komeɾ/
Drink beber /beβel/ beber /beβeɾ/ beber /beβeɾ/ beber /beβeɾ/ beber /beβer/ beber /beβe/ beber /beβeɾ/
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