Македонски
Macedonian
Slavic
Macedonian (Македонски Makedonski) is a South Slavic language with ~2M speakers — sole official language of North Macedonia, with significant minorities in Albania, Kosovo, Bulgaria (politically contested as a Bulgarian dialect), Greece, and Serbia. Sister to Bulgarian (mutual intelligibility ~80%) and forms part of the South Slavic dialect continuum with Serbian/Croatian. Distinct from other Slavic languages by: postpositive definite article (čovek "person" → čovekov/čovekot/čovekon for proximal/medial/distal), loss of infinitive (uses že/da clauses instead), and three-tense indicative system. Cyrillic alphabet codified 1944.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Macedonian
Water
вода
/ˈvɔda/
Fire
оган
/ˈɔɡan/
Sun
сонце
/ˈsɔnt͡sɛ/
Moon
месечина
/mɛˈsɛt͡ʃina/
Mother
мајка
/ˈmajka/
Father
татко
/ˈtatkɔ/
Eat
јаде
/ˈjadɛ/
Drink
пие
/ˈpiɛ/
Love
љубов
/ˈʎubɔv/
Heart
срце
/ˈsərt͡sɛ/
Tree
дрво
/ˈdərvɔ/
House
куќа
/ˈkut͡ɕa/
Dog
куче
/ˈkut͡ʃɛ/
Cat
мачка
/ˈmat͡ʃka/
Hand
рака
/ˈraka/
Eye
око
/ˈɔkɔ/
Hello
здраво
/ˈzdravɔ/
Thank you
благодарам
/blaˈɡɔdaram/
One
еден
/ˈɛdɛn/
Good
добар
/ˈdɔbar/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Slavic languages
| Meaning | Macedonian | Serbian | Bosnian | Bulgarian | Croatian | Silesian | Rusyn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | вода /ˈvɔda/ | вода /ˈʋoda/ | voda /ˈvoda/ | вода /vɔda/ | voda /ˈʋoda/ | woda /ˈvɔda/ | вода /ˈvoda/ |
| Fire | оган /ˈɔɡan/ | ватра /ˈʋatra/ | vatra /ˈvatra/ | огън /ɔɡɤn/ | vatra /ˈʋatra/ | ôgyń /ˈɔɡɨɲ/ | огень /ˈohenʲ/ |
| Sun | сонце /ˈsɔnt͡sɛ/ | сунце /ˈsunt͡se/ | sunce /ˈsunt͡se/ | слънце /slɤnt͡sɛ/ | sunce /ˈsuːnt͡se/ | słōńce /ˈswɔɲt͡sɛ/ | сонце /ˈsont͡se/ |
| Moon | месечина /mɛˈsɛt͡ʃina/ | месец /ˈmɛsɛt͡s/ | mjesec /ˈmjɛset͡s/ | луна /luna/ | mjesec /ˈmjeseːt͡s/ | miesiōnczek /mʲɛˈɕɔ̃t͡ʂɛk/ | місяць /ˈmʲisʲat͡sʲ/ |
| Mother | мајка /ˈmajka/ | мајка /ˈmajka/ | majka /ˈmajka/ | майка /majka/ | majka /ˈmaːjka/ | mamulka /maˈmulka/ | мати /ˈmati/ |
| Father | татко /ˈtatkɔ/ | отац /ˈotat͡s/ | otac /ˈotat͡s/ | баща /baʃta/ | otac /ˈotat͡s/ | fater /ˈfatɛr/ | отець /ˈotet͡sʲ/ |
| Eat | јаде /ˈjadɛ/ | јести /ˈjɛsti/ | jesti /ˈjɛsti/ | ям /jam/ | jesti /ˈjɛsti/ | jeść /jɛɕt͡ɕ/ | їсти /ˈjisti/ |
| Drink | пие /ˈpiɛ/ | пити /ˈpiti/ | piti /ˈpiti/ | пия /pijɐ/ | piti /ˈpiːti/ | pić /pit͡ɕ/ | пити /ˈpiti/ |
| Love | љубов /ˈʎubɔv/ | љубав /ˈʎubaʋ/ | ljubav /ˈʎubav/ | любов /ljubɔf/ | ljubav /ˈʎuːbaʋ/ | miyłość /ˈmʲɨwɔɕt͡ɕ/ | любов /lʲuˈbov/ |
| Heart | срце /ˈsərt͡sɛ/ | срце /ˈsr̩t͡sɛ/ | srce /ˈsr̩t͡se/ | сърце /sɤrt͡sɛ/ | srce /ˈsr̩t͡se/ | serce /ˈsɛrt͡sɛ/ | сердце /ˈserd͡ze/ |
| Tree | дрво /ˈdərvɔ/ | дрво /ˈdr̩ʋo/ | drvo /ˈdr̩vo/ | дърво /dɤrvɔ/ | drvo /ˈdr̩ʋo/ | strōm /strɔm/ | древо /ˈdrevo/ |
| House | куќа /ˈkut͡ɕa/ | кућа /ˈkut͡ɕa/ | kuća /ˈkut͡ɕa/ | къща /kɤʃtɐ/ | kuća /ˈkuːt͡ɕa/ | chałpa /ˈxawpa/ | хыжа /ˈxɨʒa/ |
| Dog | куче /ˈkut͡ʃɛ/ | пас /pas/ | pas /pas/ | куче /kut͡ʃɛ/ | pas /pas/ | pies /pjɛs/ | пес /pes/ |
| Cat | мачка /ˈmat͡ʃka/ | мачка /ˈmat͡ʃka/ | mačka /ˈmat͡ʃka/ | котка /kɔtka/ | mačka /ˈmaːt͡ʃka/ | kot /kɔt/ | мачка /ˈmat͡ʃka/ |
| Hand | рака /ˈraka/ | рука /ˈruka/ | ruka /ˈruka/ | ръка /rɤka/ | ruka /ˈruːka/ | ryncka /ˈrɨnt͡ska/ | рука /ˈruka/ |
| Eye | око /ˈɔkɔ/ | око /ˈɔkɔ/ | oko /ˈoko/ | око /ɔkɔ/ | oko /ˈoːko/ | ôko /ˈɔkɔ/ | око /ˈoko/ |
| Hello | здраво /ˈzdravɔ/ | здраво /ˈzdraʋo/ | zdravo /ˈzdravo/ | здравей /zdravɛj/ | bok /bok/ | serwus /ˈsɛrvus/ | Здраво /ˈzdravo/ |
| Thank you | благодарам /blaˈɡɔdaram/ | хвала /ˈxʋala/ | hvala /ˈxvala/ | благодаря /blaɡɔdarʲa/ | hvala /ˈxʋaːla/ | dziynkuja /ˈd͡ʑɨŋkuja/ | дякую /ˈdʲakuju/ |
| One | еден /ˈɛdɛn/ | један /ˈjɛdan/ | jedan /ˈjɛdan/ | един /ɛdin/ | jedan /ˈjɛdan/ | jedyn /ˈjɛdɨn/ | єден /ˈjeden/ |
| Good | добар /ˈdɔbar/ | добар /ˈdɔbar/ | dobar /ˈdobar/ | добър /dɔbɤr/ | dobar /ˈdobar/ | dobry /ˈdɔbrɨ/ | добрый /ˈdobrɨj/ |
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