Ślōnskŏ gŏdka

Silesian

Indo-European (Slavic, West, Lechitic)

FamilyIndo-European (Slavic, West, Lechitic) Speakers~509K (self-identified) ScriptLatin CountriesPoland Official inNo (Polish is the sole official language; a 2024 bill recognizing Silesian as a regional language was vetoed) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3szl

Silesian (Ślōnskŏ gŏdka, "Silesian speech") is a West Slavic Lechitic variety closely related to Polish but with substantial Czech, German, and dialectal Lechitic features. Long debated as a dialect of Polish vs. distinct language, Silesian has not been officially recognized as a regional language of Poland: parliament approved such recognition in April 2024, but President Duda vetoed the bill in May 2024, and a renewed 2026 attempt was likewise vetoed in February 2026 (Kashubian (csb) remains the country's only recognized regional language). The 2011 Polish census recorded 509,000 speakers (the largest self-reported regional/minority language in Poland). Silesian preserves the dual ě/i distinction and certain archaic forms, while extensively borrowing from German across centuries of Habsburg/Prussian rule (e.g., "fater" for father, "serwus" for hello).

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Silesian

Water

woda

/ˈvɔda/

Fire

ôgyń

/ˈɔɡɨɲ/

Sun

słōńce

/ˈswoɲtsɛ/

Moon

miesiōnczek

/mʲɛˈɕɔ̃tʂɛk/

Star

gwiŏzda

/ˈɡvjɔzda/

Mother

matka

/ˈmatka/

Father

fater

/ˈfatɛr/

I

/jɔ/

You

ty

/tɨ/

Name

miano

/ˈmʲano/

Eye

ôko

/ˈwɔkɔ/

Hand

rynka

/ˈrɨŋka/

Heart

serce

/ˈsɛrtsɛ/

Love

miyłość

/ˈmʲɨwɔɕtɕ/

Tree

strōm

/strɔm/

House

chałpa

/ˈxawpa/

Dog

pies

/pjɛs/

Cat

kot

/kɔt/

Eat

jeść

/jɛɕtɕ/

Drink

pić

/pitɕ/

One

jedyn

/ˈjɛdɨn/

Two

dwa

/dva/

Hello

serwus

/ˈsɛrvus/

Thank you

dziynkuja

/ˈdʑɨŋkuja/

Good

dobry

/ˈdɔbrɨ/

Cuckoo

kukawka

/kuˈkafka/

Computer

kůmputer

/kumˈputɛr/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Indo-European (Slavic, West, Lechitic) languages

Meaning SilesianPolishKashubianLower SorbianUpper SorbianMacedonianCzech
Water woda /ˈvɔda/ woda /ˈvɔda/ woda /ˈvɔda/ woda /ˈvɔda/ woda /ˈvɔda/ вода /ˈvɔda/ voda /ˈvoda/
Fire ôgyń /ˈɔɡɨɲ/ ogień /ˈɔɡɛɲ/ òdżin /ˈwɛdʒin/ wogeń /ˈvɔɡɛɲ/ woheń /ˈvɔhɛɲ/ оган /ˈɔɡan/ oheň /ˈoɦɛɲ/
Sun słōńce /ˈswoɲtsɛ/ słońce /ˈswɔɲtsɛ/ słuńce /ˈswuɲtsɛ/ słyńco /ˈswɨntsɔ/ słónco /ˈswʊntsɔ/ сонце /ˈsɔntsɛ/ slunce /ˈsluntsɛ/
Moon miesiōnczek /mʲɛˈɕɔ̃tʂɛk/ księżyc /ˈkɕɛ̃ʐɨts/ ksãżëc /ˈksɔ̃ʐɨts/ mjasec /ˈmʲasɛts/ měsac /ˈmʲɛsats/ месечина /mɛˈsɛtʃina/ měsíc /ˈmɲɛsiːts/
Star gwiŏzda /ˈɡvjɔzda/ gwiazda /ˈɡvjazda/ gwiôzda /ˈɡvjɔzda/ gwězda /ɡvʲɛzda/ hwězda /ˈɦwʲɛzda/ ѕвезда /ˈdzvɛzda/ hvězda /ˈɦvjɛzda/
Mother matka /ˈmatka/ matka /ˈmatka/ mëma /ˈmɜma/ maś /maɕ/ mać /matɕ/ мајка /ˈmajka/ matka /ˈmatka/
Father fater /ˈfatɛr/ ojciec /ˈɔjtɕɛts/ tatk /tatk/ nan /nan/ nan /nan/ татко /ˈtatkɔ/ otec /ˈotɛts/
I /jɔ/ ja /ja/ /jɔ/ ja /ja/ ja /ja/ јас /jas/ /jaː/
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