Tojol-ab'al
托霍拉巴爾語
Mayan
Tojolabal (autonymously Tojol-abʼal, "the true language") is a Mayan language of the Chujean sub-branch within the Q'anjob'alan-Chujean branch, spoken by around 70,000 people in the Las Margaritas and Comitán municipalities of Chiapas, Mexico, near the Guatemalan border. Linguistically, Tojolabal is most closely related to Chuj (cac) of Guatemala — the two are sometimes treated as a Chujean dialect cluster — and more distantly to the Q'anjob'alan languages (Q'anjob'al kjb, Akateko, Jakalteko). The Tojolabal community is known for its strong communal land-tenure tradition (the ejido system) and the political philosophy of the "nosotros" (we — Tojolabal lekilukʼ) which emphasizes collective subjectivity over individual identity. The 1994 Zapatista uprising in Chiapas brought significant attention to Tojolabal as one of the major Mayan languages of the autonomous-municipality region.
使用地區
托霍拉巴爾語嘅20個核心詞
水
jaʼ
/haʔ/
火
kʼakʼ
/kʼakʼ/
日頭
kʼakʼu
/kʼakʼu/
月光
ixaw
/iʃaw/
母親
nan
/nan/
父親
tat
/tat/
食
waʼel
/waʔel/
飲
ukʼ
/ukʼ/
愛
skʼana
/skʼana/
心
alma
/alma/
樹
teʼ
/teʔ/
屋
naj
/nah/
狗
tsʼiʼ
/tsʼiʔ/
貓
mis
/mis/
手
kʼabʼ
/kʼaɓ/
眼
satej
/sateh/
你好
lekilukʼ
/lekilukʼ/
多謝
yuj
/juh/
一
jun
/hun/
好
lek
/lek/
來源
單詞比較
同Mayan相關語言比較
| 意思 | 托霍拉巴爾語 | 措齊爾語 | 澤塔爾語 | 烏斯潘特科語 | 康霍巴爾語 | 伊察瑪雅語 | 塔巴斯科喬恩塔爾語 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 水 | jaʼ /haʔ/ | voʼ /voʔ/ | jaʼ /xaʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ |
| 火 | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | kʼokʼ /kʼokʼ/ | kʼaal /kʼaːl/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | qʼaʼ /qʼaʔ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ |
| 日頭 | kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/ | kʼakʼal /kʼakʼal/ | kʼajkʼal /kʼaxkʼal/ | qʼiij /qʼiːh/ | kʼuʼ /kʼuʔ/ | kʼin /kʼin/ | kʼin /kʼin/ |
| 月光 | ixaw /iʃaw/ | u /u/ | u /u/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ixaw /iʃaw/ | uj /uh/ | ä /æ/ |
| 母親 | nan /nan/ | meʼ /meʔ/ | meʼ /meʔ/ | nan /nan/ | mim /mim/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | naʼ /naʔ/ |
| 父親 | tat /tat/ | tot /tot/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | mam /mam/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ |
| 食 | waʼel /waʔel/ | veʼel /veʔel/ | weʼel /weʔel/ | waʼ /waʔ/ | lo /lo/ | jant /hant/ | weʼ /weʔ/ |
| 飲 | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | uchʼ /utʃʼ/ | uchʼel /utʃʼel/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | uku /uku/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼe /ukʼe/ |
| 愛 | skʼana /skʼana/ | kʼanel /kʼanel/ | kʼanbey /kʼanbej/ | lóqʼ /lóqʼ/ | kʼamʼ /kʼamʔ/ | yakunti /jakunti/ | kʼuxbe /kʼuʃbe/ |
| 心 | alma /alma/ | oʼon /oʔon/ | oʼtan /oʔtan/ | kʼuʼx /kʼuʔʃ/ | kʼulul /kʼulul/ | pukʼsikʼal /pukʼsikʼal/ | pixan /piʃan/ |
| 樹 | teʼ /teʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ |
| 屋 | naj /nah/ | na /na/ | na /na/ | jaa /haː/ | na /na/ | nah /nah/ | otot /otot/ |
| 狗 | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | pekʼ /pekʼ/ | pekʼ /pekʼ/ |
| 貓 | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | mes /mes/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ |
| 手 | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | kʼob /kʼob/ | kʼab /kʼab/ | qʼab /qʼab/ | qʼab /qʼab/ | kʼab /kʼab/ | kʼä /kʼæ/ |
| 眼 | satej /sateh/ | sat /sat/ | sit /sit/ | wach /watʃ/ | sat /sat/ | ich /itʃ/ | wich /witʃ/ |
| 你好 | lekilukʼ /lekilukʼ/ | kʼusi avokoluk /kʼusi avokoluk/ | banti winik /banti winik/ | saʼbʼal /saʔbal/ | kawal /kawal/ | bʼix a tʼan /biʃ a tʼan/ | bin a bel /bin a bel/ |
| 多謝 | yuj /juh/ | kolaval /kolaval/ | wokol awal /wokol awal/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | yuhwal /juhwal/ | dios bʼotik /dios botik/ | dios boʼtik /dios boʔtik/ |
| 一 | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /xun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | un /un/ |
| 好 | lek /lek/ | lek /lek/ | lek /lek/ | utz /uts/ | watxʼ /watʃʼ/ | malobʼ /malob/ | tsʼak /tsʼak/ |
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