Pulik'la'
Kiyurok
Algiki
Yurok (Pulik'la') ni mmoja wa wanachama wawili walionusurika wa tawi la "Ritwan" la familia ya Algic (mwingine akiwa Wiyot, ambaye sasa ametoweka kama lugha ya kwanza tangu 1962). Familia ya Algic inajumuisha Kialgonquia (~lugha 30 hai za mashariki/kati ya Amerika Kaskazini), Wiyot, na Yurok — Yurok na Wiyot zilizungumzwa kaskazini-magharibi mwa California, umbali mkubwa kutoka maeneo makuu ya asili ya Kialgonquia, jambo linaloleta mojawapo ya mafumbo makubwa ya isimu ya kihistoria. Yurok ya kisasa ni kisa hai cha mafanikio ya uhuishaji wa lugha: programu za lugha za kikabila, Mahakama ya Kikabila ya Yurok (inayoendesha shughuli zake kwa sehemu kwa Yurok), na programu ya Yurok ya Shule ya Sekondari ya Hoopa Valley huzalisha ~wazungumzaji vijana 50. Kiisimu, Yurok huhifadhi sifa za kale za Algic (jinsia ya nomino ya kilicho hai-kisicho hai, vitenzi polisintetiki) lakini inaonyesha tofauti kubwa na Kialgonquia.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Kiyurok
Maji
paaʼ
/paːʔ/
Moto
meʼlonok
/meʔlonok/
Jua
woygey
/wojɡej/
Mwezi
wonewsleg
/wonewsleɡ/
Nyota
kes'oh
/kesʔoh/
Mama
kokos
/kokos/
Baba
nopew
/nopew/
Mimi
nek
/nek/
Wewe
ke'l
/keʔl/
Jina
'er'werhł
/ʔerʔwerɬ/
Jicho
lekwsh
/lekwʃ/
Mkono
mehl
/mehl/
Moyo
skoʼol
/skoʔol/
Upendo
choʼomi
/tʃoʔomi/
Mti
kʼepoy
/kʼepoj/
Nyumba
kerwer
/kerwer/
Mbwa
chishʼah
/tʃiʃʔah/
Paka
putuy
/putuj/
Kula
kepoyi
/kepoji/
Kunywa
kewolepi
/kewolepi/
Moja
kohchew
/kohtʃew/
Mbili
na'amoy'
/naʔamoj/
Habari
aiy-yue-kwee
/aj-juːkweː/
Asante
wokhlew
/wokʰlew/
Nzuri
skuyahl
/skujahl/
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Algic zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kiyurok | Kibribri | Kiwixarika | Kipipil | Kimaliseet-Passamaquoddy | Kichol | Kikoyukon |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | paaʼ /paːʔ/ | díʼ /diʔ/ | ha /ha/ | at /at/ | samaqan /samakʷan/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | too /toː/ |
| Moto | meʼlonok /meʔlonok/ | kö /kø/ | tai /tai/ | tit /tit/ | skwut /skʷut/ | kʼajk /kʼahk/ | konh /konh/ |
| Jua | woygey /wojɡej/ | siwa /siwa/ | tau /tau/ | tunal /tunal/ | kisuhs /kisuhs/ | kʼiñ /kʼiɲ/ | so /so/ |
| Mwezi | wonewsleg /wonewsleɡ/ | tulùr /tuluɾ/ | metsa /metsa/ | metsti /metsti/ | nipawset /nipawset/ | uw /uw/ | oolts'enh /ooltsʼenh/ |
| Nyota | kes'oh /kesʔoh/ | bák /bák/ | xurawe /ʃuˈrawe/ | sital /ˈsital/ | possesom /pəsːesɒm/ | ekʼ /ʔekʼ/ | so /sɔ/ |
| Mama | kokos /kokos/ | ami' /amiʔ/ | nana /nana/ | nan /nan/ | nikuwoss /nikuwoss/ | ñaʼ /ɲaʔ/ | enaa /enaː/ |
| Baba | nopew /nopew/ | yámi' /jamiʔ/ | yawe /jawe/ | tat /tat/ | mihtaqs /mihtaqs/ | tat /tat/ | etaa /etaː/ |
| Mimi | nek /nek/ | yeʼ /jeʔ/ | nee /neː/ | naja /ˈnaha/ | nil /nil/ | joñoñ /hoɲoɲ/ | see /siː/ |
| Wewe | ke'l /keʔl/ | beʼ /beʔ/ | eekɨ /ˈeːkɨ/ | taja /ˈtaha/ | kil /kil/ | jatyet /hatʲet/ | nee /niː/ |
| Jina | 'er'werhł /ʔerʔwerɬ/ | kie /kie/ | tewa /ˈtewa/ | tukay /ˈtukaj/ | wisuwon /wisəwɒn/ | kʼabaʼ /kʼaɓaʔ/ | -zaakkʼeʼ /zàːkʼeʔ/ |
| Jicho | lekwsh /lekwʃ/ | wö' /wøʔ/ | tukite /tukite/ | ish /iʃ/ | ʼskinekekutu /skinekekutu/ | wut /wut/ | nełtonh /neɬtonh/ |
| Mkono | mehl /mehl/ | kjö /kjø/ | mama /mama/ | mey /mei/ | lukikʼn /lukikən/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | ela /ela/ |
| Moyo | skoʼol /skoʔol/ | sû' /suʔ/ | iyari /ijari/ | yulu /julu/ | utʼine /utinə/ | pusʼikʼal /pusʼikʼal/ | -dzaaya' /tsæːjəʔ/ |
| Upendo | choʼomi /tʃoʔomi/ | shkö /ʃkø/ | kanenki /kanenki/ | tasujta /tasuhta/ | kosi /kosi/ | kʼuxbiñ /kʼuʃbiɲ/ | k'oonejee /kʼooneʒeː/ |
| Mti | kʼepoy /kʼepoj/ | kál /kal/ | kiyé /kije/ | kwawit /kʷawit/ | ʼsupi /supi/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | k'eyh /kʼejh/ |
| Nyumba | kerwer /kerwer/ | huʼ /huʔ/ | ki /ki/ | kal /kal/ | wikkihtit /wikːihtit/ | otyot /otjot/ | kkun /kːun/ |
| Mbwa | chishʼah /tʃiʃʔah/ | tchö' /tʃøʔ/ | tsïkï /tsɨkɨ/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | ʼmuʼs /muʔs/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | łeek /ɬeːk/ |
| Paka | putuy /putuj/ | mishi /miʃi/ | mitsu /mitsu/ | mishin /miʃin/ | mihtukomuhs /mihtukomuhs/ | mis /mis/ | dotonh /dotonh/ |
| Kula | kepoyi /kepoji/ | dö' /døʔ/ | kuye /kuje/ | takwa /takwa/ | mititi /mititi/ | kʼux /kʼuʃ/ | ghen /ɣen/ |
| Kunywa | kewolepi /kewolepi/ | yök /jøk/ | hi'eka /hiʔeka/ | ati /ati/ | mun /mun/ | ucʼ /utsʼ/ | don /don/ |
| Moja | kohchew /kohtʃew/ | ètöm /etøm/ | xevi /ʃevi/ | se /se/ | pesokul /pesokul/ | juñ /huɲ/ | łeek'eyh /ɬeːkʼejh/ |
| Mbili | na'amoy' /naʔamoj/ | bö́l /bɵ́l/ | huta /huˈta/ | ume /ˈume/ | nis /nis/ | chaʼ /tʃaʔ/ | netaakkʼa /netàːkʼʌ/ |
| Habari | aiy-yue-kwee /aj-juːkweː/ | iri' /iɾiʔ/ | kekuanenki /kekwanenki/ | ne pakua /ne pakwa/ | kʼulasuwiyat /kulasuwijat/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ | enaa basee' /enaː baseːʔ/ |
| Asante | wokhlew /wokʰlew/ | wëʼs /wəʔs/ | pa'iwakaitsie /paʔiwakaitsje/ | padiush /padjuʃ/ | woliwon /woliwon/ | wokox /wokoʃ/ | baasee' /baːseːʔ/ |
| Nzuri | skuyahl /skujahl/ | bua /bua/ | waxa /waʃa/ | kwahli /kʷahli/ | woli /woli/ | utsat /utsat/ | nezoonh /nezoːnh/ |
Sehemu ya LangMap — mradi wa kuonyesha lugha kwa picha. Huu ni muhtasari tuli unaoweza kutambaliwa; ramani shirikishi hutoa sauti ya matamshi, vichujio, na mwonekano wa dunia.