Avañe'ẽ
Kiguarani
Kitupi
Kiguarani (Avañe’ẽ) ni lugha ya tawi la Tupi–Guaraní la familia ya Kitupi. Msimbo wa makrolugha wa ISO 639-3 ni grn, ilhali Kiguarani cha Paraguay kina msimbo wake gug; aina zinazohusiana nchini Bolivia, Ajentina na Brazil ni tofauti na hazipaswi zote kuchukuliwa kuwa kiwango kimoja. Katiba ya Paraguay ya 1992 inafanya Kiguarani na Kihispania cha Kastilia kuwa lugha rasmi, na wenyeji asilia na wasio asilia hutumia sana Kiguarani cha Paraguay katika mazungumzo, utangazaji, elimu na fasihi. Sarufi yake ambatani huonyesha nafsi kwenye kitenzi na ina upangaji wa kiutendaji–kihali, huku uwiano wa unasali ukiweza kuathiri vokali, konsonanti na viambishi ndani ya neno. Tahajia sanifu hutumia alfabeti ya Kilatini yenye herufi kama ñ na alama za vokali za puani. Mawasiliano na Kihispania huunda wigo mpana wa matumizi mseto unaoitwa Jopara, si aina moja yenye mpaka mkali.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Kiguarani
Maji
y
/ɨ/
Moto
tata
/tata/
Jua
kuarahy
/kwaɾahɨ/
Mwezi
jasy
/dʒasɨ/
Nyota
mbyja
/mbɨˈdʒa/
Mama
sy
/sɨ/
Baba
túva
/tuva/
Mimi
che
/ʃe/
Wewe
nde
/nde/
Jina
téra
/ˈtera/
Jicho
tesa
/tesa/
Mkono
po
/po/
Moyo
pyʼa
/pɨʔa/
Upendo
hayhu
/haɨhu/
Mti
yvyra
/ɨvɨɾa/
Nyumba
óga
/oɡa/
Mbwa
jagua
/dʒaɡwa/
Paka
mbarakaja
/mbaɾakadʒa/
Kula
karu
/kaˈɾu/
Kunywa
yʼu
/ɨʔu/
Moja
peteĩ
/peteĩ/
Mbili
mokõi
/mokõĩ/
Habari
mbaʼéichapa
/mbaʔeitʃapa/
Asante
aguyje
/aɡuɨdʒe/
Nzuri
porã
/poɾã/
Kekeo
anó
/aˈno/
Kompyuta
mohendaha
/mohendaˈha/
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Tupian zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kiguarani | Kigurarani cha Mbyá | Kitupinamba | Kinheengatu | Kirapanui | Kikiribati | Kihiligaynon |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | y /ɨ/ | y /ɨ/ | 'y /ʔɨ/ | ig /iɡ/ | vai /vai/ | ran /ɾan/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ |
| Moto | tata /tata/ | tata /ta.ˈta/ | tatá /taˈta/ | tatá /tata/ | ahi /ahi/ | ai /ai/ | kalayo /kalajɔ/ |
| Jua | kuarahy /kwaɾahɨ/ | nhamandu /ɲã.mɑ̃.ˈdu/ | kuarasy /kwaɾaˈsɨ/ | kuarasi /kwaɾasi/ | raʻā /raʔaː/ | taai /taːi/ | adlaw /ʔadlaw/ |
| Mwezi | jasy /dʒasɨ/ | jaxy /ʒa.ˈʃɨ/ | iasy /jaˈsɨ/ | yasi /jasi/ | mahina /mahina/ | namwakaina /namʷakaina/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Nyota | mbyja /mbɨˈdʒa/ | jaxy tata /dʒaʃɨ taˈta/ | jasytata /jasɨtaˈta/ | yasytatá /jasɨtaˈta/ | hetuʻu /heˈtuʔu/ | itoi /iˈtoi/ | bituon /bituˈʔon/ |
| Mama | sy /sɨ/ | sy /ˈsɨ/ | sy /sɨ/ | mãi /mãi/ | matuʻa vahine /matuʔa vahine/ | tinau /tinau/ | nanay /nanaj/ |
| Baba | túva /tuva/ | tupa /ˈtu.pa/ | tuba /ˈtuβa/ | paiá /paja/ | matuʻa tāne /matuʔa taːne/ | tamau /tamau/ | tatay /tataj/ |
| Mimi | che /ʃe/ | xee /ʃeː/ | ixé /iˈʃɛ/ | ixé /iˈʃe/ | au /au/ | ngai /ŋai/ | ako /ʔaˈko/ |
| Wewe | nde /nde/ | ndee /ndeː/ | endé /ẽˈdɛ/ | indé /ĩˈde/ | koe /koe/ | ngkoe /ŋkoe/ | ikaw /ʔiˈkaw/ |
| Jina | téra /ˈtera/ | téra /ˈteɾa/ | tera /ˈtɛra/ | sera /seˈɾa/ | ingoa /iˈŋoa/ | ara /ˈara/ | ngalan /ˈŋalan/ |
| Jicho | tesa /tesa/ | ãg̃u /ɑ̃.ɡ̃u/ | t-esá /teˈsa/ | sesa /sesa/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Mkono | po /po/ | tape /ta.ˈpe/ | pó /po/ | pó /po/ | rima /ɾima/ | bai /bai/ | kamot /kamɔt/ |
| Moyo | pyʼa /pɨʔa/ | py'a /pɨ.ˈa/ | nhe'ã /ɲẽˈʔã/ | py'ã /pɨʔã/ | mahatu /mahatu/ | nano /nano/ | tagipusoon /taɡipusɔʔɔn/ |
| Upendo | hayhu /haɨhu/ | rohayhu /ro.ha.ˈɨ.u/ | aûsub /aˈwsuβ/ | saysu /sajsu/ | hanga /haŋa/ | tangira /taŋiɾa/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ |
| Mti | yvyra /ɨvɨɾa/ | yvyra /ɨ.vɨ.ˈra/ | yby'rá /ɨβɨˈɾa/ | mira-vra /miɾavɾa/ | tumu rākau /tumu raːkau/ | kai /kai/ | kahoy /kahɔj/ |
| Nyumba | óga /oɡa/ | óga /ˈo.ɡa/ | oka /ˈoka/ | oka /oka/ | hare /haɾe/ | auti /auti/ | balay /balaj/ |
| Mbwa | jagua /dʒaɡwa/ | asu /a.ˈsu/ | îagûara /jaˈɣwaɾa/ | yawara /jawaɾa/ | paihega /paiheŋa/ | kamea /kamea/ | ido /ʔidɔ/ |
| Paka | mbarakaja /mbaɾakadʒa/ | jaguá /ʒa.ɡu.ˈa/ | marakaîá /maɾakaˈja/ | mariwa /maɾiwa/ | kati /kati/ | katu /katu/ | kuting /kutiŋ/ |
| Kula | karu /kaˈɾu/ | jepota /ʒe.ˈpo.ta/ | 'u /ʔu/ | ku /ku/ | kai /kai/ | amwarake /amʷaɾake/ | kaon /kaʔɔn/ |
| Kunywa | yʼu /ɨʔu/ | inumbo /i.ˈnum.bo/ | 'u /ʔu/ | yú /ju/ | unu /unu/ | nima /nima/ | inom /ʔinɔm/ |
| Moja | peteĩ /peteĩ/ | peteĩ /pe.te.ˈĩ/ | oîepé /ojeˈpe/ | yepé /jepe/ | tahi /tahi/ | teuana /teuana/ | isa /ʔisa/ |
| Mbili | mokõi /mokõĩ/ | mokõi /mokõˈĩ/ | mokõi /moˈkõj/ | mukũi /muˈkũĩ/ | rua /ˈrua/ | uoua /uˈoua/ | duha /duˈha/ |
| Habari | mbaʼéichapa /mbaʔeitʃapa/ | mba'éichapa /m.ba.ˈe.i.ʃa.pa/ | ereîubé /eɾejuˈβe/ | poranga /poɾaŋɡa/ | ʻiorana /ʔioɾana/ | mauri /mauɾi/ | kamusta /kamusta/ |
| Asante | aguyje /aɡuɨdʒe/ | aguyje /a.ɡu.ˈɨ.ʒe/ | — /—/ | katu /katu/ | maururu /mauɾuɾu/ | ko rabwa /ko ɾabʷa/ | salamat /salamat/ |
| Nzuri | porã /poɾã/ | porã /po.ˈrɑ̃/ | katu /kaˈtu/ | katu /katu/ | riva /ɾiva/ | raoiroi /ɾaoiɾoi/ | maayo /maʔajɔ/ |
| Kekeo | anó /aˈno/ | — | anũ /ãˈnũ/ | anú /aˈnu/ | — | — | — |
| Kompyuta | mohendaha /mohendaˈha/ | — | — | — | — | — | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ |
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