Bruu
Kibru cha Mashariki
Austroasiatic
Eastern Bru (autonymously Bruu) is a Katuic language of the Mon-Khmer (Austroasiatic) family, spoken by around 135,000 people in the Trường Sơn (Annamite) highlands along the Vietnam-Laos border. The Bru are an upland indigenous people who have inhabited the central Vietnamese-Lao highlands for centuries, with substantial cultural continuity despite political division between the Vietnamese and Lao Bru populations after the 1954 Geneva Accords. Linguistically, Bru is part of the Katuic branch of Mon-Khmer alongside Pacoh, Katu, and other related languages. The Bru community was significantly affected by the Vietnam War (the Trường Sơn highlands hosted the Ho Chi Minh Trail), and many Bru villages were displaced. The post-war era has seen revitalization efforts via SIL biblical translation and Vietnam/Laos government primary education programs.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 20 ya msingi katika Kibru cha Mashariki
Maji
daak
/daːk/
Moto
oih
/ʔoiʔ/
Jua
mat plei
/mat plei/
Mwezi
kasai
/kasai/
Mama
amey
/amej/
Baba
amung
/amuŋ/
Kula
cha
/tʃa/
Kunywa
ngoot
/ŋoːt/
Upendo
hong
/hoŋ/
Moyo
plong
/ploŋ/
Mti
aleng
/aleŋ/
Nyumba
dung
/duŋ/
Mbwa
acho
/atʃo/
Paka
miew
/mieu/
Mkono
ati
/ati/
Jicho
mat
/mat/
Habari
te
/te/
Asante
kuhng
/kuhŋ/
Moja
muoi
/muoi/
Nzuri
huom
/huom/
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Austroasiatic zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kibru cha Mashariki | Kibahnar | Kishwepalaung | Kisakizaya | Kibanjar | Kicham cha Kale | Kikhmu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | daak /daːk/ | dak /dak/ | ʔoːm /ʔoːm/ | nanum /nanum/ | banyu /baɲu/ | ie /ʔiə/ | ɔm /ʔɔm/ |
| Moto | oih /ʔoiʔ/ | unh /uɲ/ | ŋal /ŋal/ | lamal /lamal/ | api /api/ | apuy /ʔapuj/ | ʔus /ʔus/ |
| Jua | mat plei /mat plei/ | mat trơ /mat trə/ | saŋi /saŋi/ | cidal /tʃidal/ | matahari /matahari/ | aṇdaw /ʔadaw/ | maŋ /maŋ/ |
| Mwezi | kasai /kasai/ | khe /kʰe/ | kɨr /kɨr/ | ʔulalalalal /ʔulalal/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | kee /keː/ |
| Mama | amey /amej/ | mei /mei/ | mɛʔ /mɛʔ/ | ina /ina/ | uma /uma/ | amɛ /amɛ/ | mɔɔʔ /mɔːʔ/ |
| Baba | amung /amuŋ/ | bă /bə/ | paʔ /paʔ/ | ama /ama/ | abah /abah/ | amaŋ /amaŋ/ | ʔaaʔ /ʔaːʔ/ |
| Kula | cha /tʃa/ | sa /sa/ | cha /tʃa/ | hekal /hekal/ | makan /makan/ | bɔh /bɔh/ | caa /tʃaː/ |
| Kunywa | ngoot /ŋoːt/ | ngoah /ŋoah/ | ʔoːk /ʔoːk/ | mihecak /mihetʃak/ | nginum /ŋinum/ | mɛnum /mɛnum/ | ɲɔɔp /ɲɔːp/ |
| Upendo | hong /hoŋ/ | rơngư /rəŋɨ/ | ʔiŋ /ʔiŋ/ | kapah /kapah/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | klɛn /klɛn/ | kɔɔh /kɔːh/ |
| Moyo | plong /ploŋ/ | blei /blei/ | rɔŋ /rɔŋ/ | gawang /ɡawaŋ/ | ati /ati/ | hatai /hatai/ | kruɛŋ /kruɛŋ/ |
| Mti | aleng /aleŋ/ | lông /loŋ/ | siʔ /siʔ/ | kilang /kilaŋ/ | batang /bataŋ/ | phuəŋ /pʰuəŋ/ | cmuul /tʃmuːl/ |
| Nyumba | dung /duŋ/ | hnam /hnam/ | ɲɛh /ɲɛh/ | luma /luma/ | rumah /rumah/ | sɔŋ /sɔŋ/ | kaaŋ /kaːŋ/ |
| Mbwa | acho /atʃo/ | cho /tʃo/ | so /so/ | waco /watʃo/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | asɔ /asɔ/ | cɔ /tʃɔ/ |
| Paka | miew /mieu/ | miao /miao/ | mioʔ /mioʔ/ | posi /posi/ | pusa /pusa/ | mɛw /mɛw/ | meeo /meːo/ |
| Mkono | ati /ati/ | ti /ti/ | tiː /tiː/ | kamay /kamai/ | tangan /taŋan/ | taŋin /taŋin/ | tii /tiː/ |
| Jicho | mat /mat/ | mat /mat/ | ŋai /ŋai/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | ŋtaa /ŋtaː/ |
| Habari | te /te/ | ô /o/ | vaː piə /vaː piə/ | marayas /maɾajas/ | salam /salam/ | — /—/ | lɔh /lɔh/ |
| Asante | kuhng /kuhŋ/ | kơbi /kəbi/ | kun cɔm /kun tʃɔm/ | lalumahan /lalumahan/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ | — /—/ | ɔrkun /ʔɔrkun/ |
| Moja | muoi /muoi/ | minh /miɲ/ | mu /mu/ | cacay /tʃatʃai/ | asa /asa/ | sa /sa/ | muei /muei/ |
| Nzuri | huom /huom/ | ling /liŋ/ | ʔɔm /ʔɔm/ | kapah /kapah/ | bagus /baɡus/ | siam /siam/ | gee /ɡeː/ |
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