Nawat
Пипиль
Uto-Aztecan
Nawat (also called Pipil, autonymously Nawat) is a Nahuan Uto-Aztecan language descended from Classical Nahuatl-speaking migrants who moved south from central Mexico to El Salvador around 800-900 CE. The Nawat-speaking Pipil people maintained their indigenous language for 800 years before being severely affected by the 1932 La Matanza massacre, in which the Salvadoran government killed an estimated 10,000-40,000 indigenous people, many of them Nawat speakers. After 1932, surviving Nawat speakers hid their indigenous identity and language for safety, leading to near-complete language shift. Today, only around 500-2000 fluent speakers remain, virtually all elderly. Revival efforts since the 1990s include bilingual education programs, the Don Bosco University Nawat-language degree program, and the IRIN-USAID Nawat cultural revitalization project. Linguistically, Nawat preserves Postclassic Nahuatl features that are absent from Modern Mexican Nahuatl varieties.
Где на нём говорят
20 основных слов на языке Пипиль
Вода
at
/at/
Огонь
tit
/tit/
Солнце
tunal
/tunal/
Луна
metsti
/metsti/
Мать
nan
/nan/
Отец
tat
/tat/
Есть
takwa
/takwa/
Пить
ati
/ati/
Любовь
nesa
/nesa/
Сердце
yulu
/julu/
Дерево
kwawit
/kʷawit/
Дом
kal
/kal/
Собака
chichi
/tʃitʃi/
Кошка
mishin
/miʃin/
Рука
mey
/mei/
Глаз
ish
/iʃ/
Привет
ne pakua
/ne pakwa/
Спасибо
padiush
/padjuʃ/
Один
se
/se/
Хороший
kwahli
/kʷahli/
Источники
Сравнение слов
Сравнение с родственными языками Uto-Aztecan
| Значение | Пипиль | Истмус-науатль | Центральный уастекский науатль | Западный уастекский науатль | Герреро науатль | Восточный уастекский науатль | Классический науатль |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Вода | at /at/ | ahtli /aʔtli/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | ātl /aːtɬ/ |
| Огонь | tit /tit/ | tit /tit/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tletl /tɬetɬ/ | titl /titɬ/ | tlētl /tɬeːtɬ/ |
| Солнце | tunal /tunal/ | tonal /tonal/ | tonati /tonati/ | tonati /tonati/ | tonatih /tonatih/ | tonatih /tonatih/ | tōnatiuh /toːnatiw/ |
| Луна | metsti /metsti/ | metz /mets/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | mētztli /meːtstɬi/ |
| Мать | nan /nan/ | nan /nan/ | nana /nana/ | nana /nana/ | nanan /nanan/ | mama /mama/ | nāntli /naːntɬi/ |
| Отец | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ | tatah /tatah/ | tata /tata/ | tāhtli /taːtɬi/ |
| Есть | takwa /takwa/ | tacua /takʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlakua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ |
| Пить | ati /ati/ | ati /ati/ | atli /atɬi/ | atli /atɬi/ | atli /atɬi/ | atli /atɬi/ | ātli /aːtɬi/ |
| Любовь | nesa /nesa/ | nech-nequi /netʃneki/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlazōhtla /tɬasoːhtɬa/ |
| Сердце | yulu /julu/ | yolio /jolio/ | yollotl /jolːotɬ/ | yollotl /jolːotɬ/ | yolotl /jolotɬ/ | yollotl /jolːotɬ/ | yōllōtl /joːlːoːtɬ/ |
| Дерево | kwawit /kʷawit/ | cuahuit /kʷawit/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitl/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitl/ | kuauitl /kʷawitl/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ |
| Дом | kal /kal/ | cali /kali/ | calli /kalːi/ | calli /kalːi/ | kalli /kalːi/ | calli /kalːi/ | calli /kalːi/ |
| Собака | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintli/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintli/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintli/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintli/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintli/ | itzcuīntli /itskʷiːntɬi/ |
| Кошка | mishin /miʃin/ | miston /miston/ | mizton /miston/ | mizton /miston/ | miston /miston/ | mizton /miston/ | mīztōn /miːstoːn/ |
| Рука | mey /mei/ | mahuit /mawit/ | maitl /maitl/ | maitl /maitl/ | mahpi /mahpi/ | maitl /maitl/ | māitl /maːitɬ/ |
| Глаз | ish /iʃ/ | ix /iʃ/ | ixtli /iʃtli/ | ixtli /iʃtli/ | ixtli /iʃtli/ | ixtli /iʃtli/ | īxtli /iːʃtɬi/ |
| Привет | ne pakua /ne pakwa/ | niltze /niltse/ | niltze /niltse/ | niltze /niltse/ | niltze /niltse/ | nimitzpaca /nimitspaka/ | niltze /niltse/ |
| Спасибо | padiush /padjuʃ/ | tlazohcamati /tlasoʔkamati/ | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ | tlazōhcāmati /tɬasoːhkaːmati/ |
| Один | se /se/ | ce /se/ | ce /se/ | ce /se/ | ce /se/ | ce /se/ | cē /seː/ |
| Хороший | kwahli /kʷahli/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ | kuajli /kʷahli/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ |
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