Wixárika niukieya
Уичоль
Uto-Aztecan
Wixárika (Huichol, autonymously Wixárika niukieya) is a Uto-Aztecan language of the Corachol sub-branch, spoken by around 50,000 people in the Sierra Madre Occidental highlands of western Mexico (Jalisco, Nayarit, Durango, Zacatecas). The Wixárika are famous for their elaborately preserved indigenous religion centered on peyote pilgrimages to the sacred site of Wirikuta in San Luis Potosí — one of the most well-documented surviving non-Christian indigenous religious traditions of Mesoamerica. Linguistically, Wixárika is most closely related to Cora (crn) — its sister Corachol language — but quite distinct from the Nahuan languages (Nahuatl varieties nci, nch, nhe, etc.) and the Numic languages (Comanche, Shoshone, Paiute) that occupy the northern arms of Uto-Aztecan. The language is unusually vibrant for an indigenous language of Mexico, with intact transmission to children and active community use in markets, ceremonies, and pilgrimages.
Где на нём говорят
20 основных слов на языке Уичоль
Вода
ha
/ha/
Огонь
tai
/tai/
Солнце
tau
/tau/
Луна
metsa
/metsa/
Мать
nana
/nana/
Отец
yawe
/jawe/
Есть
kuye
/kuje/
Пить
hi'eka
/hiʔeka/
Любовь
kanenki
/kanenki/
Сердце
iyari
/ijari/
Дерево
kiyé
/kije/
Дом
ki
/ki/
Собака
tsïkï
/tsɨkɨ/
Кошка
mitsu
/mitsu/
Рука
mama
/mama/
Глаз
tukite
/tukite/
Привет
kekuanenki
/kekwanenki/
Спасибо
pa'iwakaitsie
/paʔiwakaitsje/
Один
xevi
/ʃevi/
Хороший
waxa
/waʃa/
Источники
Сравнение слов
Сравнение с родственными языками Uto-Aztecan
| Значение | Уичоль | Кора | Истмус-науатль | Пипиль | Центральный уастекский науатль | Западный уастекский науатль | Кирибати |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Вода | ha /ha/ | hapɨn /hapɨn/ | ahtli /aʔtli/ | at /at/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | ran /ɾan/ |
| Огонь | tai /tai/ | ta'ai /taʔai/ | tit /tit/ | tit /tit/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | ai /ai/ |
| Солнце | tau /tau/ | tahaapuá /tahaːpwa/ | tonal /tonal/ | tunal /tunal/ | tonati /tonati/ | tonati /tonati/ | tai /tai/ |
| Луна | metsa /metsa/ | mɨhka /mɨhka/ | metz /mets/ | metsti /metsti/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | namwakaina /namʷakaina/ |
| Мать | nana /nana/ | naana /naːna/ | nan /nan/ | nan /nan/ | nana /nana/ | nana /nana/ | tinau /tinau/ |
| Отец | yawe /jawe/ | hahuá /hahwa/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ | tamau /tamau/ |
| Есть | kuye /kuje/ | kuá /kwa/ | tacua /takʷa/ | takwa /takwa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | amwarake /amʷaɾake/ |
| Пить | hi'eka /hiʔeka/ | hi'i /hiʔi/ | ati /ati/ | ati /ati/ | atli /atɬi/ | atli /atɬi/ | nima /nima/ |
| Любовь | kanenki /kanenki/ | ka'na /kaʔna/ | nech-nequi /netʃneki/ | nesa /nesa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tangira /taŋiɾa/ |
| Сердце | iyari /ijari/ | hɨurí /hɨuri/ | yolio /jolio/ | yulu /julu/ | yollotl /jolːotɬ/ | yollotl /jolːotɬ/ | nano /nano/ |
| Дерево | kiyé /kije/ | kɨré /kɨre/ | cuahuit /kʷawit/ | kwawit /kʷawit/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitl/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitl/ | kai /kai/ |
| Дом | ki /ki/ | kíh /kih/ | cali /kali/ | kal /kal/ | calli /kalːi/ | calli /kalːi/ | auti /auti/ |
| Собака | tsïkï /tsɨkɨ/ | tsɨ'ɨ /tsɨʔɨ/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintli/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintli/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintli/ | kamea /kamea/ |
| Кошка | mitsu /mitsu/ | mistú /mistu/ | miston /miston/ | mishin /miʃin/ | mizton /miston/ | mizton /miston/ | katu /katu/ |
| Рука | mama /mama/ | mam /mam/ | mahuit /mawit/ | mey /mei/ | maitl /maitl/ | maitl /maitl/ | bai /bai/ |
| Глаз | tukite /tukite/ | húi /hwi/ | ix /iʃ/ | ish /iʃ/ | ixtli /iʃtli/ | ixtli /iʃtli/ | mata /mata/ |
| Привет | kekuanenki /kekwanenki/ | ke'kuanenki /keʔkwanenki/ | niltze /niltse/ | ne pakua /ne pakwa/ | niltze /niltse/ | niltze /niltse/ | mauri /mauɾi/ |
| Спасибо | pa'iwakaitsie /paʔiwakaitsje/ | atsipiraá /atsipiraː/ | tlazohcamati /tlasoʔkamati/ | padiush /padjuʃ/ | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ | ko rabwa /ko ɾabʷa/ |
| Один | xevi /ʃevi/ | cei /tsei/ | ce /se/ | se /se/ | ce /se/ | ce /se/ | teuana /teuana/ |
| Хороший | waxa /waʃa/ | huá'i /hwaʔi/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ | kwahli /kʷahli/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ | raoiroi /ɾaoiɾoi/ |
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