Tz'unun K'iche'
Uspantèque
Mayan
Uspanteko (autonymously Tz'unun K'iche', "the language of Uspantán") is a K'ichean Mayan language of the Cuchumatanes highlands of Guatemala, spoken by around 5,000 people primarily in the Uspantán municipality of El Quiché department. Uspanteko is famous in linguistic typology for being the only Mayan language with grammatical tone — most Mayan languages have lost their original Proto-Mayan tonal contrasts, but Uspanteko has innovated a new tonal system that is used for grammatical purposes (specifically, for marking perfective aspect on certain verbs). Linguistically, Uspanteko is part of the K'ichean branch alongside K'iche' (quc), Tz'utujil (tzj), Kaqchikel (cak), and Sakapulteko (skp), but with distinct phonological and lexical features. The Uspanteko community survived the 1980s Guatemalan Civil War genocide and have maintained their language through community isolation in the Cuchumatanes mountain valleys.
Où elle est parlée
20 mots essentiels en Uspantèque
Eau
jaʼ
/haʔ/
Feu
qʼaqʼ
/qʼaqʼ/
Soleil
qʼiij
/qʼiːh/
Lune
ikʼ
/ikʼ/
Mère
nan
/nan/
Père
tat
/tat/
Manger
waʼ
/waʔ/
Boire
ukʼ
/ukʼ/
Amour
lóqʼ
/lóqʼ/
Cœur
kʼuʼx
/kʼuʔʃ/
Arbre
cheʼ
/tʃeʔ/
Maison
jaa
/haː/
Chien
tzʼiʼ
/tsʼiʔ/
Chat
mis
/mis/
Main
qʼab
/qʼab/
Œil
wach
/watʃ/
Bonjour
saʼbʼal
/saʔbal/
Merci
maltyox
/maltjoʃ/
Un
jun
/hun/
Bon
utz
/uts/
Sources
Mots comparés
Comparé aux langues Mayan apparentées
| Sens | Uspantèque | kʼicheʼ | Cakchiquel | Tojolabal | Maya itzá | Maya classique | Pocomchí |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eau | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /xaʔ/ | yaʼ /jaʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ |
| Feu | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | kʼahkʼ /kʼahkʼ/ | qʼaaq /qʼaːq/ |
| Soleil | qʼiij /qʼiːh/ | qʼij /qʼix/ | qʼij /qʼix/ | kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/ | kʼin /kʼin/ | kʼin /kʼin/ | qʼij /qʼih/ |
| Lune | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ixaw /iʃaw/ | uj /uh/ | uh /uh/ | ik /ik/ |
| Mère | nan /nan/ | nan /nan/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | nan /nan/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | tuut /tuːt/ |
| Père | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | tataʼ /tataʔ/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | yuum /juːm/ | ajaab /ahaːb/ |
| Manger | waʼ /waʔ/ | tijow /tixow/ | waʼin /waʔin/ | waʼel /waʔel/ | jant /hant/ | wiʼij /wiʔiχ/ | wai /wai/ |
| Boire | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼaaj /ukʼaːh/ | kumun /kumun/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | uuk /uːk/ |
| Amour | lóqʼ /lóqʼ/ | loqʼoj /loqʼoh/ | ajowabʼäl /axowaɓəl/ | skʼana /skʼana/ | yakunti /jakunti/ | yaah /jaːh/ | rahaal /rahaːl/ |
| Cœur | kʼuʼx /kʼuʔʃ/ | animaʼ /animaʔ/ | anima /anima/ | alma /alma/ | pukʼsikʼal /pukʼsikʼal/ | pixan /piʃan/ | kʼuxl /kʼuʃl/ |
| Arbre | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheeʼ /tʃeʔ/ |
| Maison | jaa /haː/ | ja /xa/ | jay /xaj/ | naj /nah/ | nah /nah/ | otoch /otoːtʃ/ | paat /paːt/ |
| Chien | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | pekʼ /pekʼ/ | peekʼ /peːkʼ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ |
| Chat | mis /mis/ | meʼs /meʔs/ | mes /mes/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | miis /miːs/ | mees /meːs/ |
| Main | qʼab /qʼab/ | qʼabʼ /qʼaɓ/ | qʼaʼ /qʼaʔ/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | kʼab /kʼab/ | kʼab /kʼab/ | qʼab /qʼab/ |
| Œil | wach /watʃ/ | bʼaqʼwach /ɓaqʼwatʃ/ | bʼaqʼ wach /ɓaqʼ watʃ/ | satej /sateh/ | ich /itʃ/ | ich /itʃ/ | nakʼ /nakʼ/ |
| Bonjour | saʼbʼal /saʔbal/ | saqarik /saqaɾik/ | utz iwäch /uts iwætʃ/ | lekilukʼ /lekilukʼ/ | bʼix a tʼan /biʃ a tʼan/ | bix a beel /biʃ a beːl/ | ma chaa /ma tʃaː/ |
| Merci | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | matyox /matjoʃ/ | yuj /juh/ | dios bʼotik /dios botik/ | nibʼoolal /nibʼoːlal/ | tioxlaab /tjoʃlaːb/ |
| Un | jun /hun/ | jun /xun/ | jun /xun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jino /hino/ |
| Bon | utz /uts/ | utz /uts/ | utz /uts/ | lek /lek/ | malobʼ /malob/ | utz /uts/ | saqʼwach /saqʼwatʃ/ |
Fait partie de LangMap — un projet de visualisation linguistique. Ceci est un résumé statique et explorable ; les cartes interactives offrent l’audio de prononciation, des filtres et une vue globe.