Tojol-ab'al
Tojolabal
Mayan
Tojolabal (autonymously Tojol-abʼal, "the true language") is a Mayan language of the Chujean sub-branch within the Q'anjob'alan-Chujean branch, spoken by around 70,000 people in the Las Margaritas and Comitán municipalities of Chiapas, Mexico, near the Guatemalan border. Linguistically, Tojolabal is most closely related to Chuj (cac) of Guatemala — the two are sometimes treated as a Chujean dialect cluster — and more distantly to the Q'anjob'alan languages (Q'anjob'al kjb, Akateko, Jakalteko). The Tojolabal community is known for its strong communal land-tenure tradition (the ejido system) and the political philosophy of the "nosotros" (we — Tojolabal lekilukʼ) which emphasizes collective subjectivity over individual identity. The 1994 Zapatista uprising in Chiapas brought significant attention to Tojolabal as one of the major Mayan languages of the autonomous-municipality region.
Où elle est parlée
20 mots essentiels en Tojolabal
Eau
jaʼ
/haʔ/
Feu
kʼakʼ
/kʼakʼ/
Soleil
kʼakʼu
/kʼakʼu/
Lune
ixaw
/iʃaw/
Mère
nan
/nan/
Père
tat
/tat/
Manger
waʼel
/waʔel/
Boire
ukʼ
/ukʼ/
Amour
skʼana
/skʼana/
Cœur
alma
/alma/
Arbre
teʼ
/teʔ/
Maison
naj
/nah/
Chien
tsʼiʼ
/tsʼiʔ/
Chat
mis
/mis/
Main
kʼabʼ
/kʼaɓ/
Œil
satej
/sateh/
Bonjour
lekilukʼ
/lekilukʼ/
Merci
yuj
/juh/
Un
jun
/hun/
Bon
lek
/lek/
Sources
Mots comparés
Comparé aux langues Mayan apparentées
| Sens | Tojolabal | tzotzil | Tzeltal | Uspantèque | Q'anjob'al | Maya itzá | Chontal de Tabasco |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eau | jaʼ /haʔ/ | voʼ /voʔ/ | jaʼ /xaʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ |
| Feu | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | kʼokʼ /kʼokʼ/ | kʼaal /kʼaːl/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | qʼaʼ /qʼaʔ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ |
| Soleil | kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/ | kʼakʼal /kʼakʼal/ | kʼajkʼal /kʼaxkʼal/ | qʼiij /qʼiːh/ | kʼuʼ /kʼuʔ/ | kʼin /kʼin/ | kʼin /kʼin/ |
| Lune | ixaw /iʃaw/ | u /u/ | u /u/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ixaw /iʃaw/ | uj /uh/ | ä /æ/ |
| Mère | nan /nan/ | meʼ /meʔ/ | meʼ /meʔ/ | nan /nan/ | mim /mim/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | naʼ /naʔ/ |
| Père | tat /tat/ | tot /tot/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | mam /mam/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ |
| Manger | waʼel /waʔel/ | veʼel /veʔel/ | weʼel /weʔel/ | waʼ /waʔ/ | lo /lo/ | jant /hant/ | weʼ /weʔ/ |
| Boire | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | uchʼ /utʃʼ/ | uchʼel /utʃʼel/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | uku /uku/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼe /ukʼe/ |
| Amour | skʼana /skʼana/ | kʼanel /kʼanel/ | kʼanbey /kʼanbej/ | lóqʼ /lóqʼ/ | kʼamʼ /kʼamʔ/ | yakunti /jakunti/ | kʼuxbe /kʼuʃbe/ |
| Cœur | alma /alma/ | oʼon /oʔon/ | oʼtan /oʔtan/ | kʼuʼx /kʼuʔʃ/ | kʼulul /kʼulul/ | pukʼsikʼal /pukʼsikʼal/ | pixan /piʃan/ |
| Arbre | teʼ /teʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ |
| Maison | naj /nah/ | na /na/ | na /na/ | jaa /haː/ | na /na/ | nah /nah/ | otot /otot/ |
| Chien | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | pekʼ /pekʼ/ | pekʼ /pekʼ/ |
| Chat | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | mes /mes/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ |
| Main | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | kʼob /kʼob/ | kʼab /kʼab/ | qʼab /qʼab/ | qʼab /qʼab/ | kʼab /kʼab/ | kʼä /kʼæ/ |
| Œil | satej /sateh/ | sat /sat/ | sit /sit/ | wach /watʃ/ | sat /sat/ | ich /itʃ/ | wich /witʃ/ |
| Bonjour | lekilukʼ /lekilukʼ/ | kʼusi avokoluk /kʼusi avokoluk/ | banti winik /banti winik/ | saʼbʼal /saʔbal/ | kawal /kawal/ | bʼix a tʼan /biʃ a tʼan/ | bin a bel /bin a bel/ |
| Merci | yuj /juh/ | kolaval /kolaval/ | wokol awal /wokol awal/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | yuhwal /juhwal/ | dios bʼotik /dios botik/ | dios boʼtik /dios boʔtik/ |
| Un | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /xun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | un /un/ |
| Bon | lek /lek/ | lek /lek/ | lek /lek/ | utz /uts/ | watxʼ /watʃʼ/ | malobʼ /malob/ | tsʼak /tsʼak/ |
Fait partie de LangMap — un projet de visualisation linguistique. Ceci est un résumé statique et explorable ; les cartes interactives offrent l’audio de prononciation, des filtres et une vue globe.