Wolof

Atlantic (Niger-Congo)

FamilyAtlantic (Niger-Congo) Speakers~12M (~5M L1 + ~7M L2) ScriptLatin CountriesSenegal, Gambia Official inSenegal (national) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3wol

Wolof is the de facto lingua franca of Senegal, with ~5M L1 + ~7M L2 (~80% of Senegal's population speaks it despite French being the sole official language). It is a Senegambian Atlantic-Congo language, sister to Serer and Fula. Two writing systems: the 1971 government-standardized Latin orthography for state/secular use, and Wolofal (Arabic-derived Ajami) used since the 19th century by the Mouride and Tijani Sufi brotherhoods for religious poetry — the cheikh-amadou-bamba qasidas of the Mouride order are foundational Wolofal literature. Linguistically Wolof is non-tonal (rare in West African Atlantic-Congo), with consonant gradation and noun-class concordial agreement (~10 noun classes).

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Wolof

Water

ndox

/ndɔx/

Fire

safara

/safaɾa/

Sun

jant

/dʒant/

Moon

weer

/wɛːɾ/

Mother

yaay

/jaːj/

Father

baay

/baːj/

Eat

lekk

/lɛkː/

Drink

naan

/naːn/

Love

mbëggeel

/mbəɡːɛːl/

Heart

xol

/xɔl/

Tree

garab

/ɡaɾab/

House

kër

/kəɾ/

Dog

xaj

/xaj/

Cat

muus

/muːs/

Hand

loxo

/lɔxɔ/

Eye

bët

/bət/

Hello

na nga def

/na ŋɡa dɛf/

Thank you

jërëjëf

/dʒəɾədʒəf/

One

benn

/bɛnː/

Good

baax

/baːx/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Atlantic (Niger-Congo) languages

Meaning WolofSererMarwariKannadaMagahiKonkaniHaryanvi
Water ndox /ndɔx/ mbox /mbɔx/ पाणी /paːɳiː/ ನೀರು /niːɾu/ पानी /paːni/ उदक /udək/ पाणी /paːɳiː/
Fire safara /safaɾa/ ngir /ŋɡiɾ/ आग /aːɡ/ ಬೆಂಕಿ /beŋkɪ/ आग /aːɡ/ उज्जो /udʒːo/ आग /aːɡ/
Sun jant /dʒant/ naangu /naːŋɡu/ सूरज /suːɾədʒ/ ಸೂರ್ಯ /suːɾjə/ सूरज /suːraj/ सूर्य /suɾjə/ सूरज /suːɾədʒ/
Moon weer /wɛːɾ/ weer /weːɾ/ चांद /tʃãːd/ ಚಂದ್ರ /tʃəndɾə/ चान /tʃaːn/ चंद्र /tʃəndɾə/ चांद /tʃãːd/
Mother yaay /jaːj/ yaay /jaːj/ मा /maː/ ಅಮ್ಮ /əmːə/ माय /maːj/ आवय /aːʋəj/ माई /maːiː/
Father baay /baːj/ baay /baːj/ बाप /baːp/ ಅಪ್ಪ /əpːə/ बाबू /baːbuː/ बापुय /baːpuj/ बापू /baːpuː/
Eat lekk /lɛkː/ niam /ɲam/ खाणो /kʰaːɳo/ ತಿನ್ನು /tɪnːu/ खैना /kʰaiːnaː/ खांव /kʰaːũ/ खाणा /kʰaːɳaː/
Drink naan /naːn/ ñam /ɲam/ पीणो /piːɳo/ ಕುಡಿ /kuɖɪ/ पीना /piːnaː/ पिएंव /pieːũ/ पीणा /piːɳaː/
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Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Wolof
Dama bëgg séy kompile bu ma gis ci butik kanam hotel bi
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 看到的 那套西装
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

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