Wolof

Atlantic (Niger-Congo)

FamilyAtlantic (Niger-Congo) Speakers~12M (~5M L1 + ~7M L2) ScriptLatin CountriesSenegal, Gambia Official inSenegal (national) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3wol

Wolof is the de facto lingua franca of Senegal, with ~5M L1 + ~7M L2 (~80% of Senegal's population speaks it despite French being the sole official language). It is a Senegambian Atlantic-Congo language, sister to Serer and Fula. Two writing systems: the 1971 government-standardized Latin orthography for state/secular use, and Wolofal (Arabic-derived Ajami) used since the 19th century by the Mouride and Tijani Sufi brotherhoods for religious poetry — the cheikh-amadou-bamba qasidas of the Mouride order are foundational Wolofal literature. Linguistically Wolof is non-tonal (rare in West African Atlantic-Congo), with consonant gradation and noun-class concordial agreement (~10 noun classes).

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Wolof

Water

ndox

/ndɔx/

Fire

safara

/safaɾa/

Sun

jant

/dʒant/

Moon

weer

/wɛːɾ/

Star

biddiw

/biddiw/

Mother

yaay

/jaːj/

Father

baay

/baːj/

I

man

/man/

You

yow

/jow/

Name

tur

/tur/

Eye

bët

/bət/

Hand

loxo

/lɔxɔ/

Heart

xol

/xɔl/

Love

mbëggeel

/mbəɡːɛːl/

Tree

garab

/ɡaɾab/

House

kër

/kəɾ/

Dog

xaj

/xaj/

Cat

muus

/muːs/

Eat

lekk

/lɛkː/

Drink

naan

/naːn/

One

benn

/bɛnː/

Two

ñaar

/ɲaːr/

Hello

na nga def

/na ŋɡa dɛf/

Thank you

jërëjëf

/dʒəɾədʒəf/

Good

baax

/baːx/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Atlantic (Niger-Congo) languages

Meaning WolofSererKannadaKurdish (Sorani)MarwariMagahiKonkani
Water ndox /ndɔx/ mbox /mbɔx/ ನೀರು /niːɾu/ ئاو /ɑːw/ पाणी /paːɳiː/ पानी /paːni/ उदक /udək/
Fire safara /safaɾa/ ngir /ŋɡiɾ/ ಬೆಂಕಿ /beŋkɪ/ ئاگر /ɑːɡɪɾ/ आग /aːɡ/ आग /aːɡ/ उज्जो /udʒːo/
Sun jant /dʒant/ naangu /naːŋɡu/ ಸೂರ್ಯ /suːɾjə/ خۆر /xoːɾ/ सूरज /suːɾədʒ/ सूरज /suːraj/ सूर्य /suɾjə/
Moon weer /wɛːɾ/ weer /weːɾ/ ಚಂದ್ರ /tʃəndɾə/ مانگ /mɑːŋɡ/ चांद /tʃãːd/ चान /tʃaːn/ चंद्र /tʃəndɾə/
Star biddiw /biddiw/ xôr /xɔːr/ ನಕ್ಷತ್ರ /nakʂat̪ra/ ئەستێرە /ʔæsteːɾæ/ तारो /taːro/ तारा /taːraː/ नखेत्र /nəkʰetr/
Mother yaay /jaːj/ yaay /jaːj/ ಅಮ್ಮ /əmːə/ دایک /dɑːjɪk/ मा /maː/ माय /maːj/ आवय /aːʋəj/
Father baay /baːj/ baay /baːj/ ಅಪ್ಪ /əpːə/ باوک /bɑːwk/ बाप /baːp/ बाबू /baːbuː/ बापुय /baːpuj/
I man /man/ mi /mi/ ನಾನು /naːnu/ من /mɪn/ म्हैं /mʱɛ̃/ हम /ɦəm/ हांव /ɦãːʋ/
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Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Wolof
Dama bëgg séy kompile bu ma gis ci butik kanam hotel bi
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 看到的 那套西装
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

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