Tiếng Việt (Miền Trung)
Central Vietnamese
Austroasiatic (Vietic, Vietnamese)
Central Vietnamese (tiếng Trung, tiếng miền Trung) is the regional variety of Vietnamese spoken across central Vietnam, including Huế (the imperial capital 1802-1945), Đà Nẵng, Quảng Nam, and the Quảng Trị-Quảng Bình-Quảng Ngãi-Bình Định corridor, by ~14M people. Central Vietnamese — especially the Huế dialect — is famously distinct in tone realization (a six-tone system with markedly lower pitch and shorter duration than Hanoi standard), retroflex consonants, and a vocabulary partially preserving the imperial-court register of the Nguyễn dynasty. Often perceived by other Vietnamese as 'difficult to understand'. Includes notable sub-dialects: Huế-ben (royal), Quảng-Nam-ben (with characteristic /ao/ vs. /au/ shifts), and Bình-Định-ben.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Central Vietnamese
Water
nước
/nɨːk˧˥/
Fire
lửa
/lɨə˧˩/
Sun
mặt trời
/maːk˨˨ ʈɤːj˧˨/
Moon
mặt trăng
/maːk˨˨ ʈaːŋ˥/
Star
sao
/saːw˧/
Mother
mạ
/maː˨˨/
Father
bọ
/ɓɔː˨˨/
I
tôi
/toj˧/
You
bạn
/ɓaːŋ˨˩ˀ/
Name
tên
/teːŋ˧/
Eye
mắt
/maːk˧˥/
Hand
tay
/taːj˥/
Heart
trái tim
/ʈaːj˩˧ tiːm˥/
Love
thương
/tʰɨəŋ˥/
Tree
cây
/kəːj˥/
House
nhà
/ɲaː˧˨/
Dog
chó
/tɕɔː˩˧/
Cat
mèo
/mɛːw˧˨/
Eat
ăn
/aːn˥/
Drink
uống
/uəŋ˩˧/
One
một
/moːk˨˨/
Two
hai
/haːj˧/
Hello
xin chào
/siːn˥ tɕaːw˧˨/
Thank you
cảm ơn
/kaːm˧˩ əːn˥/
Good
tốt
/toːk˧˥/
Cuckoo
cu cu
/ku˧ ku˧/
Sources
- Ethnologue: vie (Central)
- Vũ Thanh Phương (1981) The Acoustic and Perceptual Nature of Tone in Vietnamese
- Hoàng Thị Châu (2004) Phương ngữ học tiếng Việt
Words compared
Compared with related Austroasiatic (Vietic, Vietnamese) languages
| Meaning | Central Vietnamese | Southern Vietnamese | Vietnamese | Vietnamese (Chữ Nôm) | Thai (Southern) | Thai (Isan) | Thai (Northern) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | nước /nɨːk˧˥/ | nước /nɨək˧˥/ | nước /nɨək˧˥/ | 渃 /nɨək˧˥/ | น้ำ /nam˧˥/ | น้ำ /nam˧˥/ | น้ำ /nam˧˥/ |
| Fire | lửa /lɨə˧˩/ | lửa /lɨə˨˩˥/ | lửa /lɨə˧˩˧/ | 焒 /lɨə˧˩˧/ | ไฟ /faj˥/ | ไฟ /faj˥/ | ไฟ /faj˥/ |
| Sun | mặt trời /maːk˨˨ ʈɤːj˧˨/ | mặt trời /mak˨˩˨ ʈɤːj˨˩/ | mặt trời /mət˨˩ tɕɤːj˨˩/ | 𩈘𡗶 /mət˨˩ tɕɤːj˨˩/ | ตะวัน /ta˨˩wan˥/ | ตะเว็น /ta˨˩wen˥/ | ตะวัน /ta˨˩wan˥/ |
| Moon | mặt trăng /maːk˨˨ ʈaːŋ˥/ | mặt trăng /mak˨˩˨ ʈaŋ˥/ | mặt trăng /mət˨˩ tɕaŋ˧/ | 𩈘𢁋 /mət˨˩ tɕaŋ˧/ | เดือน /dɯːan˥/ | เดือน /dɯːan˥/ | เดือน /dɯːan˥/ |
| Star | sao /saːw˧/ | sao /ʂaːw˧/ | sao /saːw˧/ | 𣋀 /saːw˧/ | ดาว /daːw˧/ | ดาว /daːw˧/ | ดาว /daːw˧/ |
| Mother | mạ /maː˨˨/ | má /maː˧˥/ | mẹ /mɛ˨˩/ | 媄 /mɛ˨˩/ | แม่ /mɛː˥˩/ | แม่ /mɛː˥˩/ | แม่ /mɛː˥˩/ |
| Father | bọ /ɓɔː˨˨/ | ba /ɓaː˥/ | bố /ɓo˧˥/ | 布 /ɓo˧˥/ | พ่อ /pʰɔː˥˩/ | พ่อ /pʰɔː˥˩/ | พ่อ /pʰɔː˥˩/ |
| I | tôi /toj˧/ | tôi /toj˧/ | tôi /toj˧/ | 碎 /toj˧/ | ฉาน /tɕʰaːn˦/ | ข้อย /kʰɔːj˧/ | ตู /tuː˩/ |
| You | bạn /ɓaːŋ˨˩ˀ/ | bạn /ɓaːŋ˨˩˨/ | bạn /ɓaːn˨˩ˀ/ | 眉 /maj˨˩/ | สู /suː˩/ | เจ้า /tɕaːw˧/ | ตั๋ว /tua˩˩˦/ |
| Name | tên /teːŋ˧/ | tên /teŋ˧/ | tên /ten˧/ | 𠸜 /ten˧/ | ชื่อ /tɕʰɯː˧/ | ซื่อ /sɨː˧/ | จื้อ /tɕɯː˧/ |
| Eye | mắt /maːk˧˥/ | mắt /mak˧˥/ | mắt /mat˧˥/ | 眜 /mat˧˥/ | ตา /taː˥/ | ตา /taː˥/ | ต๋า /taː˩˧/ |
| Hand | tay /taːj˥/ | tay /taj˥/ | tay /taj˧/ | 𢬣 /taj˧/ | มือ /mɯː˥/ | มือ /mɯː˥/ | มือ /mɯː˥/ |
| Heart | trái tim /ʈaːj˩˧ tiːm˥/ | trái tim /ʈaːj˧˥ tim˥/ | trái tim /tɕaːj˧˥ tim˧/ | 𢁑𢙭 /tɕaːj˧˥ tim˧/ | ใจ /tɕaj˥/ | ใจ /tɕaj˥/ | ใจ๋ /tɕaj˩˧/ |
| Love | thương /tʰɨəŋ˥/ | thương /tʰɨəŋ˥/ | yêu /iəw˧/ | 𢞅 /iəw˧/ | รัก /rak˧˥/ | ฮัก /hak˧˥/ | ฮัก /hak˧˥/ |
| Tree | cây /kəːj˥/ | cây /kəj˥/ | cây /kəj˧/ | 𣘃 /kəj˧/ | ต้นไม้ /ton˧˥maj˧˥/ | ต้นไม้ /ton˧˥maj˧˥/ | ต้นไม้ /ton˧˥maj˧˥/ |
| House | nhà /ɲaː˧˨/ | nhà /ɲaː˨˩/ | nhà /ɲaː˨˩/ | 茹 /ɲaː˨˩/ | บ้าน /baːn˧˥/ | เฮือน /hɯːan˥/ | เฮือน /hɯːan˥/ |
| Dog | chó /tɕɔː˩˧/ | chó /ɕɔ˧˥/ | chó /tɕɔ˧˥/ | 㹥 /tɕɔ˧˥/ | หมา /maː˩˧/ | หมา /maː˩˧/ | หมา /maː˩˧/ |
| Cat | mèo /mɛːw˧˨/ | mèo /mɛw˨˩/ | mèo /mɛw˨˩/ | 猫 /mɛw˨˩/ | แมว /mɛːw˥/ | แมว /mɛːw˥/ | แมว /mɛːw˥/ |
| Eat | ăn /aːn˥/ | ăn /aŋ˥/ | ăn /an˧/ | 𫗒 /an˧/ | กิน /kin˥/ | กิน /kin˥/ | กิ๋น /kin˩˧/ |
| Drink | uống /uəŋ˩˧/ | uống /uəŋ˧˥/ | uống /uəŋ˧˥/ | 㕵 /uəŋ˧˥/ | ดื่ม /dɯːm˥˩/ | ดื่ม /dɯːm˥˩/ | ดื่ม /dɯːm˥˩/ |
| One | một /moːk˨˨/ | một /mok˨˩˨/ | một /mot˨˩/ | 𠬠 /mot˨˩/ | หนึ่ง /nɯŋ˨˩/ | หนึ่ง /nɯŋ˨˩/ | หนึ่ง /nɯŋ˨˩/ |
| Two | hai /haːj˧/ | hai /haːj˧/ | hai /haːj˧/ | 𠄩 /haːj˧/ | สอง /sɔːŋ˩/ | สอง /sɔːŋ˩/ | สอง /sɔːŋ˩/ |
| Hello | xin chào /siːn˥ tɕaːw˧˨/ | xin chào /siŋ˥ ɕaːw˨˩/ | xin chào /sin˧˧ tɕaːw˨˩/ | 吀嘲 /sin˧ tɕaːw˨˩/ | สวัสดี /sa˨˩wat˨˩diː˥/ | สะบายดี /sa˨˩baːj˥diː˥/ | สวัสดี /sa˨˩wat˨˩diː˥/ |
| Thank you | cảm ơn /kaːm˧˩ əːn˥/ | cảm ơn /kaːm˨˩˥ əːn˥/ | cảm ơn /kaːm˧˩˧ əːn˥/ | 感恩 /kaːm˧˩˧ əːn˧/ | ขอบคุณ /kʰɔːp˨˩kʰun˥/ | ขอบใจ /kʰɔːp˨˩tɕaj˥/ | ขอบคุณ /kʰɔːp˨˩kʰun˥/ |
| Good | tốt /toːk˧˥/ | tốt /tok˧˥/ | tốt /tot˧˥/ | 卒 /tot˧˥/ | ดี /diː˥/ | ดี /diː˥/ | ดี /diː˥/ |
| Cuckoo | cu cu /ku˧ ku˧/ | cu cu /ku˧ ku˧/ | cu cu /ku˧ ku˧/ | 布穀 /ɓo˧˩ ko˧ˀ˥/ | นกคัคคู /nok˦˥ kʰak˦˥kʰuː˧/ | นกคัคคู /nok˦˥ kʰak˦˥kʰuː˧/ | นกคัคคู /nok˦˥ kʰak˦˥kʰuː˧/ |
Word order compared
Compare with major world languages
Compare with closely-related languages
Han readings compared
Compared with related Austroasiatic (Vietic) languages
| Character | Central Vietnamese | Southern Vietnamese | Vietnamese | Central Bai | Early Mandarin (Yuan) | Gan (Jiʼan) | Gan Chinese (Fuzhou) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 一 | Nhất /ɲət˦˥/ | Nhứt /ɲɨt˦˥/ | Nhất /ɲət˧˥/ | it6 /ʔit̚˨˨˨/ | i3 /i˨˩˦/ | it⁵ /it̚˥/ | it⁵ /it̚˥/ |
| 二 | Nhị /ɲi˨˩ˀ/ | Nhị /ɲi˨˩˨/ | Nhị /ɲi˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | nox3 /no˨˩˦/ | ʐï4 /ʐʅ˥˩/ | oe²¹ /ɵ˨˩/ | oe²¹ /ɵ˨˩/ |
| 三 | Tam /taːm˧˨/ | Tam /taːm˧˧/ | Tam /taːm˧˧/ | sae1 /sæ˥/ | sam1 /sam˥/ | san⁴² /san˦˨/ | san⁴² /san˦˨/ |
| 四 | Tứ /tɨ˨˩˧/ | Tứ /tɨ˧˥/ | Tứ /tɨ˧˥/ | sv4 /sɿ˨˩/ | sï4 /sɿ˥˩/ | si⁴⁵ /sɿ˦˥/ | si⁴⁵ /sɿ˦˥/ |
| 五 | Ngũ /ŋu˨˩ˀ/ | Ngũ /ŋu˨˩˦/ | Ngũ /ŋu˧ˀ˥/ | ngux3 /ŋu˨˩˦/ | u3 /u˨˩˦/ | ng²¹³ /ŋ̩˨˩˧/ | ng²¹³ /ŋ̩˨˩˧/ |
| 六 | Lục /luk˨˩ʔ/ | Lục /luk˨˩ʔ/ | Lục /luk˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | lox6 /lo˨˨˨/ | lieu4 /liəu˥˩/ | liuq⁵ /liuʔ˥/ | liuq⁵ /liuʔ˥/ |
| 七 | Thất /tʰət˦˥/ | Thất /tʰət˦˥/ | Thất /tʰət˧˥/ | chi1 /tɕʰi˦˦/ | tshi3 /tsʰi˨˩˦/ | qhit⁵ /tɕʰit̚˥/ | qhit⁵ /tɕʰit̚˥/ |
| 八 | Bát /ɓaːt˦˥/ | Bát /ɓaːt˦˥/ | Bát /ɓaːt˧˥/ | be2 /pe˧˥/ | pa3 /pa˨˩˦/ | pat⁵ /pat̚˥/ | pat⁵ /pat̚˥/ |
| 九 | Cửu /kɨw˧˩˨/ | Cửu /kɨw˨˩˦/ | Cửu /kɨw˧˩˧/ | jiux3 /tɕiu˨˩˦/ | kieu3 /kiəu˨˩˦/ | jiu²¹³ /tɕiu˨˩˧/ | jiu²¹³ /tɕiu˨˩˧/ |
| 十 | Thập /tʰəp˨˩ʔ/ | Thập /tʰəp˨˩ʔ/ | Thập /tʰəp˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | cix6 /tsʰɿ˨˨˨/ | ʂï2 /ʂʅ˧˥/ | sit⁵ /sɨt̚˥/ | sit⁵ /sɨt̚˥/ |
| 日 | Nhật /ɲət˨˩ʔ/ | Nhựt /ɲɨt˨˩ʔ/ | Nhật /ɲət˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | nix4 /ni˨˩/ | ʐï4 /ʐʅ˥˩/ | nyit⁵ /ɲit̚˥/ | nyit⁵ /ɲit̚˥/ |
| 月 | Nguyệt /ŋwiət˨˩ʔ/ | Nguyệt /ŋwiət˨˩ʔ/ | Nguyệt /ŋwiət˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | nyuex4 /ɲyɛ˨˩/ | ye4 /yɛ˥˩/ | ngyet⁵ /ŋyɛt̚˥/ | ngyet⁵ /ŋyɛt̚˥/ |
| 山 | Sơn /ʂəːn˧˨/ | Sơn /ʂəːn˧˧/ | Sơn /səːn˧˧/ | sae1 /sæ˥/ | ʂan1 /ʂan˥/ | san⁴² /san˦˨/ | san⁴² /san˦˨/ |
| 水 | Thuỷ /tʰwij˧˩˨/ | Thuỷ /tʰwij˨˩˦/ | Thuỷ /tʰwij˧˩˧/ | syq3 /sɿ˨˩˦/ | ʂuei3 /ʂuei˨˩˦/ | sui²¹³ /sui˨˩˧/ | sui²¹³ /sui˨˩˧/ |
| 火 | Hoả /hwaː˧˩˨/ | Hoả /hwaː˨˩˦/ | Hoả /hwaː˧˩˧/ | hox3 /xo˨˩˦/ | xuo3 /xuɔ˨˩˦/ | fo²¹³ /fo˨˩˧/ | fo²¹³ /fo˨˩˧/ |
| 木 | Mộc /mok˨˩ʔ/ | Mộc /mok˨˩ʔ/ | Mộc /mok˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | mux6 /mu˨˨˨/ | mu4 /mu˥˩/ | muq⁵ /muʔ˥/ | muq⁵ /muʔ˥/ |
| 土 | Thổ /tʰo˧˩˨/ | Thổ /tʰo˨˩˦/ | Thổ /tʰo˧˩˧/ | thux3 /tʰu˨˩˦/ | thu3 /tʰu˨˩˦/ | thu²¹³ /tʰu˨˩˧/ | thu²¹³ /tʰu˨˩˧/ |
| 天 | Thiên /tʰiən˧˨/ | Thiên /tʰiən˧˧/ | Thiên /tʰiən˧˧/ | tie1 /tʰiɛ˥/ | thien1 /tʰiɛn˥/ | thien⁴² /tʰiɛn˦˨/ | thien⁴² /tʰiɛn˦˨/ |
| 地 | Địa /ɗie˨˩ˀ/ | Địa /ɗie˨˩˨/ | Địa /ɗie˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | di4 /ti˨˩/ | ti4 /ti˥˩/ | thi²¹ /tʰi˨˩/ | thi²¹ /tʰi˨˩/ |
| 海 | Hải /haːj˧˩˨/ | Hải /haːj˨˩˦/ | Hải /haːj˧˩˧/ | hae3 /xæ˨˩˦/ | xai3 /xai˨˩˦/ | hai²¹³ /hai˨˩˧/ | hai²¹³ /hai˨˩˧/ |
| 龍 | Long /lawŋ͡m˧˨/ | Long /lawŋ͡m˧˧/ | Long /lawŋ͡m˧˧/ | long2 /loŋ˧˥/ | luŋ2 /luŋ˧˥/ | lung⁴⁵ /luŋ˦˥/ | lung⁴⁵ /luŋ˦˥/ |
| 虎 | Hổ /ho˧˩˨/ | Hổ /ho˨˩˦/ | Hổ /ho˧˩˧/ | hux3 /xu˨˩˦/ | xu3 /xu˨˩˦/ | fu²¹³ /fu˨˩˧/ | fu²¹³ /fu˨˩˧/ |
| 犬 | Khuyển /xwiən˧˩˨/ | Khuyển /xwiən˨˩˦/ | Khuyển /xwiən˧˩˧/ | khoe4 /kʰwɛ˨˩/ | khyen3 /kʰyɛn˨˩˦/ | qhyen²¹³ /tɕʰyɛn˨˩˧/ | qhyen²¹³ /tɕʰyɛn˨˩˧/ |
| 馬 | Mã /maː˨˩ˀ/ | Mã /maː˨˩˦/ | Mã /maː˧ˀ˥/ | maq3 /ma˨˩˦/ | ma3 /ma˨˩˦/ | ma²¹³ /ma˨˩˧/ | ma²¹³ /ma˨˩˧/ |
| 鳥 | Điểu /ɗiəw˧˩˨/ | Điểu /ɗiəw˨˩˦/ | Điểu /ɗiəw˧˩˧/ | niux3 /niu˨˩˦/ | tiau3 /tiau˨˩˦/ | tieu²¹³ /tiɛu˨˩˧/ | tieu²¹³ /tiɛu˨˩˧/ |
| 魚 | Ngư /ŋɨ˧˨/ | Ngư /ŋɨ˧˧/ | Ngư /ŋɨ˧˧/ | ngvx2 /ŋɯ˧˥/ | y2 /y˧˥/ | y⁴⁵ /y˦˥/ | y⁴⁵ /y˦˥/ |
| 牛 | Ngưu /ŋɨw˧˨/ | Ngưu /ŋɨw˧˧/ | Ngưu /ŋɨw˧˧/ | ngiux2 /ŋiu˧˥/ | nieu2 /niəu˧˥/ | nyiu⁴⁵ /ɲiu˦˥/ | nyiu⁴⁵ /ɲiu˦˥/ |
| 羊 | Dương /jɨəŋ˧˨/ | Dương /jɨːŋ˧˧/ | Dương /zɨəŋ˧˧/ | yang2 /jaŋ˧˥/ | iaŋ2 /iaŋ˧˥/ | iong⁴⁵ /iɔŋ˦˥/ | iong⁴⁵ /iɔŋ˦˥/ |
| 貓 | Miêu /miəw˧˨/ | Miêu /miəw˧˧/ | Miêu /miəw˧˧/ | maox1 /mɑu˥/ | miau1 /miau˥/ | mau⁴² /mau˦˨/ | mau⁴² /mau˦˨/ |
| 人 | Nhân /ɲən˧˨/ | Nhân /ɲən˧˧/ | Nhân /ɲən˧˧/ | niex2 /niɛ˧˥/ | ʐen2 /ʐən˧˥/ | nyin⁴⁵ /ɲin˦˥/ | nyin⁴⁵ /ɲin˦˥/ |
| 手 | Thủ /tʰu˧˩˨/ | Thủ /tʰu˨˩˦/ | Thủ /tʰu˧˩˧/ | shiux3 /ɕiu˨˩˦/ | ʂeu3 /ʂəu˨˩˦/ | seu²¹³ /sɛu˨˩˧/ | seu²¹³ /sɛu˨˩˧/ |
| 足 | Túc /tuk˦˥/ | Túc /tuk˦˥/ | Túc /tuk˧˥/ | jvx6 /tɕɯ˨˨˨/ | tsu3 /tsu˨˩˦/ | jyuq⁵ /tɕyʔ˥/ | jyuq⁵ /tɕyʔ˥/ |
| 目 | Mục /muk˨˩ʔ/ | Mục /muk˨˩ʔ/ | Mục /muk˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | mux6 /mu˨˨˨/ | mu4 /mu˥˩/ | muq⁵ /muʔ˥/ | muq⁵ /muʔ˥/ |
| 耳 | Nhĩ /ɲi˨˩ˀ/ | Nhĩ /ɲi˨˩˦/ | Nhĩ /ɲi˧ˀ˥/ | nix3 /ni˨˩˦/ | ʐï3 /ʐʅ˨˩˦/ | er²¹³ /ɚ˨˩˧/ | er²¹³ /ɚ˨˩˧/ |
| 口 | Khẩu /xəw˧˩˨/ | Khẩu /xəw˨˩˦/ | Khẩu /xəw˧˩˧/ | khux3 /kʰu˨˩˦/ | kheu3 /kʰəu˨˩˦/ | kheu²¹³ /kʰɛu˨˩˧/ | kheu²¹³ /kʰɛu˨˩˧/ |
| 頭 | Đầu /ɗəw˧˩/ | Đầu /ɗəw˨˩/ | Đầu /ɗəw˨˩/ | thox2 /tʰo˧˥/ | theu2 /tʰəu˧˥/ | theu⁴⁵ /tʰɛu˦˥/ | theu⁴⁵ /tʰɛu˦˥/ |
| 心 | Tâm /təm˧˨/ | Tâm /təm˧˧/ | Tâm /təm˧˧/ | xim1 /ɕim˥/ | sim1 /sim˥/ | xin⁴² /ɕin˦˨/ | xin⁴² /ɕin˦˨/ |
| 血 | Huyết /hwiət˦˥/ | Huyết /hwiət˦˥/ | Huyết /hwiət˧˥/ | xuex4 /ɕyɛ˨˩/ | ɕye3 /ɕyɛ˨˩˦/ | xyet⁵ /ɕyɛt̚˥/ | xyet⁵ /ɕyɛt̚˥/ |
| 肉 | Nhục /ɲuk˨˩ʔ/ | Nhục /ɲuk˨˩ʔ/ | Nhục /ɲuk˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | nyux6 /ɲu˨˨˨/ | ʐieu4 /ʐiəu˥˩/ | nyiuq⁵ /ɲiuʔ˥/ | nyiuq⁵ /ɲiuʔ˥/ |
| 上 | Thượng /tʰɨəŋ˨˩ˀ/ | Thượng /tʰɨːŋ˨˩˨/ | Thượng /tʰɨəŋ˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | shanx4 /ʂan˨˩/ | ʂaŋ4 /ʂaŋ˥˩/ | song²¹ /soŋ˨˩/ | song²¹ /soŋ˨˩/ |
| 下 | Hạ /ha˨˩ˀ/ | Hạ /ha˨˩˨/ | Hạ /ha˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | haq4 /xa˨˩/ | xia4 /xia˥˩/ | ha²¹ /ha˨˩/ | ha²¹ /ha˨˩/ |
| 中 | Trung /tʂuŋ͡m˧˨/ | Trung /ʈuŋ͡m˧˧/ | trung /tʂuŋ͡m˧˧/ | zhong1 /ʐoŋ˥/ | tʂuŋ1 /tʂuŋ˥/ | tung⁴² /tuŋ˦˨/ | tung⁴² /tuŋ˦˨/ |
| 中 | Trúng /tʂuŋ͡m˨˩˧/ | Trúng /ʈuŋ͡m˧˥/ | trúng /tʂuŋ͡m˧˥/ | zhong4 /ʐoŋ˨˩/ | tʂuŋ4 /tʂuŋ˥˩/ | tung⁴⁵ /tuŋ˦˥/ | tung⁴⁵ /tuŋ˦˥/ |
| 央 | Ương /ɨəŋ˧˨/ | Ương /ɨːŋ˧˧/ | Ương /ɨəŋ˧˧/ | yang1 /jaŋ˥/ | iaŋ1 /iaŋ˥/ | iong⁴² /iɔŋ˦˨/ | iong⁴² /iɔŋ˦˨/ |
| 左 | Tả /taː˧˩˨/ | Tả /taː˨˩˦/ | Tả /taː˧˩˧/ | zvx3 /ʦɯ˨˩˦/ | tsuo3 /tsuɔ˨˩˦/ | zo²¹³ /tso˨˩˧/ | zo²¹³ /tso˨˩˧/ |
| 右 | Hữu /hɨw˨˩ˀ/ | Hữu /hɨw˨˩˦/ | Hữu /hɨw˧ˀ˥/ | yux4 /ju˨˩/ | ieu4 /iəu˥˩/ | iu²¹ /iu˨˩/ | iu²¹ /iu˨˩/ |
| 東 | Đông /ɗəwŋ͡m˧˨/ | Đông /ɗəwŋ͡m˧˧/ | Đông /ɗəwŋ͡m˧˧/ | dong1 /toŋ˥/ | tuŋ1 /tuŋ˥/ | tung⁴² /tuŋ˦˨/ | tung⁴² /tuŋ˦˨/ |
| 西 | Tây /təj˧˨/ | Tây /təj˧˧/ | Tây /təj˧˧/ | xi1 /ɕi˥/ | si1 /si˥/ | xi⁴² /ɕi˦˨/ | xi⁴² /ɕi˦˨/ |
| 南 | Nam /naːm˧˨/ | Nam /naːm˧˧/ | Nam /naːm˧˧/ | nae2 /næ˧˥/ | nam2 /nam˧˥/ | lan⁴⁵ /lan˦˥/ | lan⁴⁵ /lan˦˥/ |
| 北 | Bắc /ɓak˦˥/ | Bắc /ɓak˦˥/ | Bắc /ɓak˧˥/ | bei4 /peɪ˨˩/ | pei3 /pəi˨˩˦/ | pet⁵ /pɛt̚˥/ | pet⁵ /pɛt̚˥/ |
| 行 | Hành /haɲ˧˩/ | Hành /haɲ˨˩/ | Hành /haɲ˨˩/ | hang2 /xaŋ˧˥/ | ɕiŋ2 /ɕiŋ˧˥/ | hen⁴⁵ /hɛn˦˥/ | hen⁴⁵ /hɛn˦˥/ |
| 行 | Hàng /haŋ˧˩/ | Hàng /haŋ˨˩/ | Hàng /haŋ˨˩/ | hang2 /xaŋ˧˥/ | xaŋ2 /xaŋ˧˥/ | hong⁴⁵ /hɔŋ˦˥/ | hong⁴⁵ /hɔŋ˦˥/ |
| 来 | Lai /laːi˧˨/ | Lai /laːi˧˧/ | Lai /laːi˧˧/ | lae2 /læ˧˥/ | lai2 /lai˧˥/ | lai⁴⁵ /lai˦˥/ | lai⁴⁵ /lai˦˥/ |
| 去 | Khứ /xɨ˨˩˧/ | Khứ /xɨ˧˥/ | Khứ /xɨ˧˥/ | qvx4 /tɕʰɯ˨˩/ | khy4 /kʰy˥˩/ | qhie²¹ /tɕʰie˨˩/ | qhie²¹ /tɕʰie˨˩/ |
| 見 | Kiến /kiən˨˩˧/ | Kiến /kiən˧˥/ | Kiến /kiən˧˥/ | jie4 /tɕiɛ˨˩/ | kien4 /kiɛn˥˩/ | jien⁴⁵ /tɕiɛn˦˥/ | jien⁴⁵ /tɕiɛn˦˥/ |
| 聞 | Văn /van˧˨/ | Văn /jan˧˧/ | Văn /van˧˧/ | wen2 /wɛn˧˥/ | ven2 /vən˧˥/ | un⁴⁵ /un˦˥/ | un⁴⁵ /un˦˥/ |
| 食 | Thực /tʰɨk˨˩ʔ/ | Thực /tʰɨk˨˩ʔ/ | Thực /tʰɨk˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | zhix6 /ʐɿ˨˨˨/ | ʂï2 /ʂʅ˧˥/ | sit⁵ /sɨt̚˥/ | sit⁵ /sɨt̚˥/ |
| 飲 | Ẩm /ʔəm˧˩˨/ | Ẩm /ʔəm˨˩˦/ | Ẩm /ʔəm˧˩˧/ | im3 /ʔim˨˩˦/ | im3 /im˨˩˦/ | in²¹³ /in˨˩˧/ | in²¹³ /in˨˩˧/ |
| 走 | Tẩu /təw˧˩˨/ | Tẩu /təw˨˩˦/ | Tẩu /təw˧˩˧/ | zvx3 /ʦɯ˨˩˦/ | tseu3 /tsəu˨˩˦/ | zeu²¹³ /tsɛu˨˩˧/ | zeu²¹³ /tsɛu˨˩˧/ |
| 坐 | Tọa /twa˨˩ˀ/ | Tọa /twa˨˩˨/ | Tọa /twa˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | zvx4 /ʦɯ˨˩/ | tsuo4 /tsuɔ˥˩/ | chho²¹ /tsʰo˨˩/ | chho²¹ /tsʰo˨˩/ |
| 立 | Lập /ləp˨˩ʔ/ | Lập /ləp˨˩ʔ/ | Lập /ləp˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | li6 /li˨˨˨/ | li4 /li˥˩/ | lit⁵ /lit̚˥/ | lit⁵ /lit̚˥/ |
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