Tiếng Việt (Miền Trung)
Central Vietnamese
Austroasiatic (Vietic, Vietnamese)
Central Vietnamese (tiếng Trung, tiếng miền Trung) is the regional variety of Vietnamese spoken across central Vietnam, including Huế (the imperial capital 1802-1945), Đà Nẵng, Quảng Nam, and the Quảng Trị-Quảng Bình-Quảng Ngãi-Bình Định corridor, by ~14M people. Central Vietnamese — especially the Huế dialect — is famously distinct in tone realization (a six-tone system with markedly lower pitch and shorter duration than Hanoi standard), retroflex consonants, and a vocabulary partially preserving the imperial-court register of the Nguyễn dynasty. Often perceived by other Vietnamese as 'difficult to understand'. Includes notable sub-dialects: Huế-ben (royal), Quảng-Nam-ben (with characteristic /ao/ vs. /au/ shifts), and Bình-Định-ben.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Central Vietnamese
Water
nước
/nɨːk˧˥/
Fire
lửa
/lɨə˧˩/
Sun
mặt trời
/maːk˨˨ ʈɤːj˧˨/
Moon
mặt trăng
/maːk˨˨ ʈaːŋ˥/
Mother
mạ
/maː˨˨/
Father
bọ
/ɓɔː˨˨/
Eat
ăn
/aːn˥/
Drink
uống
/uəŋ˩˧/
Love
thương
/tʰɨəŋ˥/
Heart
trái tim
/ʈaːj˩˧ tiːm˥/
Tree
cây
/kəːj˥/
House
nhà
/ɲaː˧˨/
Dog
chó
/t͡ɕɔː˩˧/
Cat
mèo
/mɛːw˧˨/
Hand
tay
/taːj˥/
Eye
mắt
/maːk˧˥/
Hello
xin chào
/siːn˥ t͡ɕaːw˧˨/
Thank you
cảm ơn
/kaːm˧˩ əːn˥/
One
một
/moːk˨˨/
Good
tốt
/toːk˧˥/
Sources
- Ethnologue: vie (Central)
- Vũ Thanh Phương (1981) The Acoustic and Perceptual Nature of Tone in Vietnamese
- Hoàng Thị Châu (2004) Phương ngữ học tiếng Việt
Words compared
Compared with related Austroasiatic (Vietic, Vietnamese) languages
| Meaning | Central Vietnamese | Southern Vietnamese | Northern Vietnamese | Thai (Southern) | Vietnamese (Chữ Nôm) | Thai (Isan) | Thai |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | nước /nɨːk˧˥/ | nước /nɨək˧˥/ | nước /nɨək˧˥/ | น้ำ /nam˧˥/ | 渃 /nɨək/ | น้ำ /nam˧˥/ | น้ำ /nam˧˥/ |
| Fire | lửa /lɨə˧˩/ | lửa /lɨə˨˩˥/ | lửa /lɨə˧˩˧/ | ไฟ /faj˥/ | 𤏬 /lɨə/ | ไฟ /faj˥/ | ไฟ /faj˧/ |
| Sun | mặt trời /maːk˨˨ ʈɤːj˧˨/ | mặt trời /mak˨˩˨ ʈɤːj˨˩/ | mặt trời /mət˨˩ t͡ɕɤːj˨˩/ | ตะวัน /ta˨˩wan˥/ | 𩈘𡗶 /mət tɤj/ | ตะเว็น /ta˨˩wen˥/ | ดวงอาทิตย์ /duaŋ˧ʔaː˧tʰit˧˥/ |
| Moon | mặt trăng /maːk˨˨ ʈaːŋ˥/ | mặt trăng /mak˨˩˨ ʈaŋ˥/ | mặt trăng /mət˨˩ t͡ɕaŋ˥/ | เดือน /dɯːan˥/ | 𩈘𢁑 /mət taŋ/ | เดือน /dɯːan˥/ | ดวงจันทร์ /duaŋ˧t͡ɕan˧/ |
| Mother | mạ /maː˨˨/ | má /maː˧˥/ | mẹ /mɛ˨˩/ | แม่ /mɛː˥˩/ | 𡞕 /mɛ/ | แม่ /mɛː˥˩/ | แม่ /mɛː˥˩/ |
| Father | bọ /ɓɔː˨˨/ | ba /ɓaː˥/ | bố /ɓo˧˥/ | พ่อ /pʰɔː˥˩/ | 𤙗 /ɓo/ | พ่อ /pʰɔː˥˩/ | พ่อ /pʰɔː˥˩/ |
| Eat | ăn /aːn˥/ | ăn /aŋ˥/ | ăn /an˥/ | กิน /kin˥/ | 𫗒 /an/ | กิน /kin˥/ | กิน /kin˧/ |
| Drink | uống /uəŋ˩˧/ | uống /uəŋ˧˥/ | uống /uəŋ˧˥/ | ดื่ม /dɯːm˥˩/ | 㕵 /uəŋ/ | ดื่ม /dɯːm˥˩/ | ดื่ม /dɯːm˨˩/ |
| Love | thương /tʰɨəŋ˥/ | thương /tʰɨəŋ˥/ | yêu /iəw˥/ | รัก /rak˧˥/ | 𢞅 /iəw/ | ฮัก /hak˧˥/ | รัก /rak˧˥/ |
| Heart | trái tim /ʈaːj˩˧ tiːm˥/ | trái tim /ʈaːj˧˥ tim˥/ | trái tim /t͡ɕaːj˧˥ tim˥/ | ใจ /t͡ɕaj˥/ | 𢣐𢞂 /t͡ɕaj tim/ | ใจ /t͡ɕaj˥/ | ใจ /t͡ɕaj˧/ |
| Tree | cây /kəːj˥/ | cây /kəj˥/ | cây /kəj˥/ | ต้นไม้ /ton˧˥maj˧˥/ | 𣘃 /kəj/ | ต้นไม้ /ton˧˥maj˧˥/ | ต้นไม้ /ton˥˩maj˧˥/ |
| House | nhà /ɲaː˧˨/ | nhà /ɲaː˨˩/ | nhà /ɲaː˨˩/ | บ้าน /baːn˧˥/ | 茹 /ɲaː/ | เฮือน /hɯːan˥/ | บ้าน /baːn˥˩/ |
| Dog | chó /t͡ɕɔː˩˧/ | chó /ɕɔ˧˥/ | chó /t͡ɕɔ˧˥/ | หมา /maː˩˧/ | 𤝞 /t͡ɕɔ/ | หมา /maː˩˧/ | หมา /maː˩˧/ |
| Cat | mèo /mɛːw˧˨/ | mèo /mɛw˨˩/ | mèo /mɛw˨˩/ | แมว /mɛːw˥/ | 猫 /mɛw/ | แมว /mɛːw˥/ | แมว /mɛːw˧/ |
| Hand | tay /taːj˥/ | tay /taj˥/ | tay /taj˧/ | มือ /mɯː˥/ | 𡬶 /taj/ | มือ /mɯː˥/ | มือ /mɯː˧/ |
| Eye | mắt /maːk˧˥/ | mắt /mak˧˥/ | mắt /mat˧˥/ | ตา /taː˥/ | 𥄫 /mak/ | ตา /taː˥/ | ตา /taː˧/ |
| Hello | xin chào /siːn˥ t͡ɕaːw˧˨/ | xin chào /siŋ˥ ɕaːw˨˩/ | xin chào /sin˥ t͡ɕaːw˨˩/ | สวัสดี /sa˨˩wat˨˩diː˥/ | 吀嘲 /sin t͡ɕaːw/ | สะบายดี /sa˨˩baːj˥diː˥/ | สวัสดี /sa˨˩wat˨˩diː˧/ |
| Thank you | cảm ơn /kaːm˧˩ əːn˥/ | cảm ơn /kaːm˨˩˥ əːn˥/ | cảm ơn /kaːm˧˩˧ əːn˥/ | ขอบคุณ /kʰɔːp˨˩kʰun˥/ | 感恩 /kaːm əːn/ | ขอบใจ /kʰɔːp˨˩t͡ɕaj˥/ | ขอบคุณ /kʰɔːp˨˩kʰun˧/ |
| One | một /moːk˨˨/ | một /mok˨˩˨/ | một /mot˨˩/ | หนึ่ง /nɯŋ˨˩/ | 𠬠 /mot/ | หนึ่ง /nɯŋ˨˩/ | หนึ่ง /nɯŋ˨˩/ |
| Good | tốt /toːk˧˥/ | tốt /tok˧˥/ | tốt /tot˧˥/ | ดี /diː˥/ | 卒 /tot/ | ดี /diː˥/ | ดี /diː˧/ |
Word order compared
Compare with major world languages
Compare with closely-related languages
Han readings compared
Compared with related Austroasiatic (Vietic) languages
| Character | Central Vietnamese | Southern Vietnamese | Northern Vietnamese | Central Bai | Early Mandarin (Yuan) | Dongguan Yue | Gan (Jiangxi) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 一 | Nhất /ɲət˦˥/ | Nhứt /ɲɨt˦˥/ | Nhất /ɲət˧˥/ | it6 /ʔit̚˨˨˨/ | i3 /i˨˩˦/ | jat1 /jɐt̚˥/ | it⁵ /it̚˥/ |
| 二 | Nhị /ɲi˨˩ˀ/ | Nhị /ɲi˨˩˨/ | Nhị /ɲi˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | nox3 /no˨˩˦/ | ʐï4 /ʐʅ˥˩/ | ji6 /jiː˨˨/ | oe²¹ /ɵ˨˩/ |
| 三 | Tam /taːm˧˨/ | Tam /taːm˧˧/ | Tam /taːm˧˧/ | sae1 /sæ˥/ | sam1 /sam˥/ | saam1 /saːm˥˥/ | san⁴² /san˦˨/ |
| 四 | Tứ /tɨ˨˩˧/ | Tứ /tɨ˧˥/ | Tứ /tɨ˧˥/ | sv4 /sɿ˨˩/ | sï4 /sɿ˥˩/ | sei3 /sei˧˧/ | si⁴⁵ /sɿ˦˥/ |
| 五 | Ngũ /ŋu˨˩ˀ/ | Ngũ /ŋu˨˩˦/ | Ngũ /ŋu˧ˀ˥/ | ngux3 /ŋu˨˩˦/ | u3 /u˨˩˦/ | ng5 /ŋ̍˩˧/ | ng²¹³ /ŋ̩˨˩˧/ |
| 六 | Lục /luk˨˩ʔ/ | Lục /luk˨˩ʔ/ | Lục /luk˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | lox6 /lo˨˨˨/ | lieu4 /liəu˥˩/ | luk6 /lʊk̚˨/ | liuq⁵ /liuʔ˥/ |
| 七 | Thất /tʰət˦˥/ | Thất /tʰət˦˥/ | Thất /tʰət˧˥/ | chi1 /tɕʰi˦˦/ | tshi3 /tsʰi˨˩˦/ | cat1 /tsʰɐt̚˥/ | qhit⁵ /tɕʰit̚˥/ |
| 八 | Bát /ɓaːt˦˥/ | Bát /ɓaːt˦˥/ | Bát /ɓaːt˧˥/ | be2 /pe˧˥/ | pa3 /pa˨˩˦/ | baat3 /paːt̚˧/ | pat⁵ /pat̚˥/ |
| 九 | Cửu /kɨw˧˩˨/ | Cửu /kɨw˨˩˦/ | Cửu /kɨw˧˩˧/ | jiux3 /tɕiu˨˩˦/ | kieu3 /kiəu˨˩˦/ | gau2 /kɐu˧˥/ | jiu²¹³ /tɕiu˨˩˧/ |
| 十 | Thập /tʰəp˨˩ʔ/ | Thập /tʰəp˨˩ʔ/ | Thập /tʰəp˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | cix6 /tsʰɿ˨˨˨/ | ʂï2 /ʂʅ˧˥/ | sap6 /sɐp̚˨/ | sit⁵ /sɨt̚˥/ |
| 日 | Nhật /ɲət˨˩ʔ/ | Nhựt /ɲɨt˨˩ʔ/ | Nhật /ɲət˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | nix4 /ni˨˩/ | ʐï4 /ʐʅ˥˩/ | ngat6 /ŋɐt̚˨/ | 白讀nyit⁵ /ɲit̚˥/文讀lit⁵ /lit̚˥/ |
| 月 | Nguyệt /ŋwiət˨˩ʔ/ | Nguyệt /ŋwiət˨˩ʔ/ | Nguyệt /ŋwiət˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | nyuex4 /ɲyɛ˨˩/ | ye4 /yɛ˥˩/ | ngyut6 /ŋyːt̚˨/ | ngyet⁵ /ŋyɛt̚˥/ |
| 山 | Sơn /ʂəːn˧˨/ | Sơn /ʂəːn˧˧/ | Sơn /səːn˧˧/ | sae1 /sæ˥/ | ʂan1 /ʂan˥/ | saan1 /saːn˥˥/ | san⁴² /san˦˨/ |
| 水 | Thuỷ /tʰwij˧˩˨/ | Thuỷ /tʰwij˨˩˦/ | Thuỷ /tʰwij˧˩˧/ | syq3 /sɿ˨˩˦/ | ʂuei3 /ʂuei˨˩˦/ | seoi2 /sɵy˧˥/ | sui²¹³ /sui˨˩˧/ |
| 火 | Hoả /hwaː˧˩˨/ | Hoả /hwaː˨˩˦/ | Hoả /hwaː˧˩˧/ | hox3 /xo˨˩˦/ | xuo3 /xuɔ˨˩˦/ | fo2 /fɔː˧˥/ | fo²¹³ /fo˨˩˧/ |
| 木 | Mộc /mok˨˩ʔ/ | Mộc /mok˨˩ʔ/ | Mộc /mok˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | mux6 /mu˨˨˨/ | mu4 /mu˥˩/ | muk6 /mʊk̚˨/ | muq⁵ /muʔ˥/ |
| 土 | Thổ /tʰo˧˩˨/ | Thổ /tʰo˨˩˦/ | Thổ /tʰo˧˩˧/ | thux3 /tʰu˨˩˦/ | thu3 /tʰu˨˩˦/ | tou2 /tʰou˧˥/ | thu²¹³ /tʰu˨˩˧/ |
| 天 | Thiên /tʰiən˧˨/ | Thiên /tʰiən˧˧/ | Thiên /tʰiən˧˧/ | tie1 /tʰiɛ˥/ | thien1 /tʰiɛn˥/ | tin1 /tʰiːn˥˥/ | thien⁴² /tʰiɛn˦˨/ |
| 地 | Địa /ɗie˨˩ˀ/ | Địa /ɗie˨˩˨/ | Địa /ɗie˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | di4 /ti˨˩/ | ti4 /ti˥˩/ | dei6 /tei˨˨/ | thi²¹ /tʰi˨˩/ |
| 海 | Hải /haːj˧˩˨/ | Hải /haːj˨˩˦/ | Hải /haːj˧˩˧/ | hae3 /xæ˨˩˦/ | xai3 /xai˨˩˦/ | hoi2 /hɔːi˧˥/ | hai²¹³ /hai˨˩˧/ |
| 龍 | Long /lawŋ͡m˧˨/ | Long /lawŋ͡m˧˧/ | Long /lawŋ͡m˧˧/ | long2 /loŋ˧˥/ | luŋ2 /luŋ˧˥/ | lung4 /lʊŋ˨˩/ | lung⁴⁵ /luŋ˦˥/ |
| 虎 | Hổ /ho˧˩˨/ | Hổ /ho˨˩˦/ | Hổ /ho˧˩˧/ | hux3 /xu˨˩˦/ | xu3 /xu˨˩˦/ | fu2 /fuː˧˥/ | fu²¹³ /fu˨˩˧/ |
| 犬 | Khuyển /xwiən˧˩˨/ | Khuyển /xwiən˨˩˦/ | Khuyển /xwiən˧˩˧/ | khoe4 /kʰwɛ˨˩/ | khyen3 /kʰyɛn˨˩˦/ | hyun2 /hyːn˧˥/ | qhyen²¹³ /tɕʰyɛn˨˩˧/ |
| 馬 | Mã /maː˨˩ˀ/ | Mã /maː˨˩˦/ | Mã /maː˧ˀ˥/ | maq3 /ma˨˩˦/ | ma3 /ma˨˩˦/ | maa5 /maː˩˧/ | ma²¹³ /ma˨˩˧/ |
| 鳥 | Điểu /ɗiəw˧˩˨/ | Điểu /ɗiəw˨˩˦/ | Điểu /ɗiəw˧˩˧/ | niux3 /niu˨˩˦/ | tiau3 /tiau˨˩˦/ | niu5 /niːu˩˧/ | tieu²¹³ /tiɛu˨˩˧/ |
| 魚 | Ngư /ŋɨ˧˨/ | Ngư /ŋɨ˧˧/ | Ngư /ŋɨ˧˧/ | ngvx2 /ŋɯ˧˥/ | y2 /y˧˥/ | ngyu4 /ŋyː˨˩/ | y⁴⁵ /y˦˥/ |
| 牛 | Ngưu /ŋɨw˧˨/ | Ngưu /ŋɨw˧˧/ | Ngưu /ŋɨw˧˧/ | ngiux2 /ŋiu˧˥/ | nieu2 /niəu˧˥/ | ngau4 /ŋɐu˨˩/ | nyiu⁴⁵ /ɲiu˦˥/ |
| 羊 | Dương /jɨəŋ˧˨/ | Dương /jɨːŋ˧˧/ | Dương /zɨəŋ˧˧/ | yang2 /jaŋ˧˥/ | iaŋ2 /iaŋ˧˥/ | joeng4 /jœŋ˨˩/ | iong⁴⁵ /iɔŋ˦˥/ |
| 貓 | Miêu /miəw˧˨/ | Miêu /miəw˧˧/ | Miêu /miəw˧˧/ | maox1 /mɑu˥/ | miau1 /miau˥/ | maau1 /maːu˥˥/ | mau⁴² /mau˦˨/ |
| 人 | Nhân /ɲən˧˨/ | Nhân /ɲən˧˧/ | Nhân /ɲən˧˧/ | niex2 /niɛ˧˥/ | ʐen2 /ʐən˧˥/ | jan4 /jɐn˨˩/ | 白讀nyin⁴⁵ /ɲin˦˥/文讀lin⁴⁵ /lin˦˥/ |
| 手 | Thủ /tʰu˧˩˨/ | Thủ /tʰu˨˩˦/ | Thủ /tʰu˧˩˧/ | shiux3 /ɕiu˨˩˦/ | ʂeu3 /ʂəu˨˩˦/ | sau2 /sɐu˧˥/ | seu²¹³ /sɛu˨˩˧/ |
| 足 | Túc /tuk˦˥/ | Túc /tuk˦˥/ | Túc /tuk˧˥/ | jvx6 /tɕɯ˨˨˨/ | tsu3 /tsu˨˩˦/ | zuk1 /tsʊk̚˥/ | jyuq⁵ /tɕyʔ˥/ |
| 目 | Mục /muk˨˩ʔ/ | Mục /muk˨˩ʔ/ | Mục /muk˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | mux6 /mu˨˨˨/ | mu4 /mu˥˩/ | muk6 /mʊk̚˨/ | muq⁵ /muʔ˥/ |
| 耳 | Nhĩ /ɲi˨˩ˀ/ | Nhĩ /ɲi˨˩˦/ | Nhĩ /ɲi˧ˀ˥/ | nix3 /ni˨˩˦/ | ʐï3 /ʐʅ˨˩˦/ | ji5 /jiː˩˧/ | er²¹³ /ɚ˨˩˧/ |
| 口 | Khẩu /xəw˧˩˨/ | Khẩu /xəw˨˩˦/ | Khẩu /xəw˧˩˧/ | khux3 /kʰu˨˩˦/ | kheu3 /kʰəu˨˩˦/ | hau2 /hɐu˧˥/ | kheu²¹³ /kʰɛu˨˩˧/ |
| 頭 | Đầu /ɗəw˧˩/ | Đầu /ɗəw˨˩/ | Đầu /ɗəw˨˩/ | thox2 /tʰo˧˥/ | theu2 /tʰəu˧˥/ | tau4 /tʰɐu˨˩/ | theu⁴⁵ /tʰɛu˦˥/ |
| 心 | Tâm /təm˧˨/ | Tâm /təm˧˧/ | Tâm /təm˧˧/ | xim1 /ɕim˥/ | sim1 /sim˥/ | sam1 /sɐm˥˥/ | xin⁴² /ɕin˦˨/ |
| 血 | Huyết /hwiət˦˥/ | Huyết /hwiət˦˥/ | Huyết /hwiət˧˥/ | xuex4 /ɕyɛ˨˩/ | ɕye3 /ɕyɛ˨˩˦/ | hyut3 /hyːt̚˧/ | xyet⁵ /ɕyɛt̚˥/ |
| 肉 | Nhục /ɲuk˨˩ʔ/ | Nhục /ɲuk˨˩ʔ/ | Nhục /ɲuk˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | nyux6 /ɲu˨˨˨/ | ʐieu4 /ʐiəu˥˩/ | juk6 /jʊk̚˨/ | nyiuq⁵ /ɲiuʔ˥/ |
| 上 | Thượng /tʰɨəŋ˨˩ˀ/ | Thượng /tʰɨːŋ˨˩˨/ | Thượng /tʰɨəŋ˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | shanx4 /ʂan˨˩/ | ʂaŋ4 /ʂaŋ˥˩/ | 上面(locative)soeng6 /sœŋ˨˨/上去(directional verb)soeng5 /sœŋ˩˧/ | song²¹ /soŋ˨˩/ |
| 下 | Hạ /ha˨˩ˀ/ | Hạ /ha˨˩˨/ | Hạ /ha˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | haq4 /xa˨˩/ | xia4 /xia˥˩/ | haa6 /haː˨˨/ | ha²¹ /ha˨˩/ |
| 中 | Trung /tʂuŋ͡m˧˨/ | Trung /ʈuŋ͡m˧˧/ | trung /tʂuŋ͡m˧˧/ | zhong1 /ʐoŋ˥/ | tʂuŋ1 /tʂuŋ˥/ | zung1 /tsʊŋ˥˥/ | tung⁴² /tuŋ˦˨/ |
| 中 | Trúng /tʂuŋ͡m˨˩˧/ | Trúng /ʈuŋ͡m˧˥/ | trúng /tʂuŋ͡m˧˥/ | zhong4 /ʐoŋ˨˩/ | tʂuŋ4 /tʂuŋ˥˩/ | zung3 /tsʊŋ˧˧/ | tung⁴⁵ /tuŋ˦˥/ |
| 央 | Ương /ɨəŋ˧˨/ | Ương /ɨːŋ˧˧/ | Ương /ɨəŋ˧˧/ | yang1 /jaŋ˥/ | iaŋ1 /iaŋ˥/ | joeng1 /jœŋ˥˥/ | iong⁴² /iɔŋ˦˨/ |
| 左 | Tả /taː˧˩˨/ | Tả /taː˨˩˦/ | Tả /taː˧˩˧/ | zvx3 /ʦɯ˨˩˦/ | tsuo3 /tsuɔ˨˩˦/ | zo2 /tsɔː˧˥/ | zo²¹³ /tso˨˩˧/ |
| 右 | Hữu /hɨw˨˩ˀ/ | Hữu /hɨw˨˩˦/ | Hữu /hɨw˧ˀ˥/ | yux4 /ju˨˩/ | ieu4 /iəu˥˩/ | jau6 /jɐu˨˨/ | iu²¹ /iu˨˩/ |
| 東 | Đông /ɗəwŋ͡m˧˨/ | Đông /ɗəwŋ͡m˧˧/ | Đông /ɗəwŋ͡m˧˧/ | dong1 /toŋ˥/ | tuŋ1 /tuŋ˥/ | dung1 /tʊŋ˥˥/ | tung⁴² /tuŋ˦˨/ |
| 西 | Tây /təj˧˨/ | Tây /təj˧˧/ | Tây /təj˧˧/ | xi1 /ɕi˥/ | si1 /si˥/ | sai1 /sɐi˥˥/ | xi⁴² /ɕi˦˨/ |
| 南 | Nam /naːm˧˨/ | Nam /naːm˧˧/ | Nam /naːm˧˧/ | nae2 /næ˧˥/ | nam2 /nam˧˥/ | naam4 /naːm˨˩/ | lan⁴⁵ /lan˦˥/ |
| 北 | Bắc /ɓak˦˥/ | Bắc /ɓak˦˥/ | Bắc /ɓak˧˥/ | bei4 /peɪ˨˩/ | pei3 /pəi˨˩˦/ | bak1 /pɐk̚˥/ | pet⁵ /pɛt̚˥/ |
| 行 | Hành /haɲ˧˩/ | Hành /haɲ˨˩/ | Hành /haɲ˨˩/ | hang2 /xaŋ˧˥/ | ɕiŋ2 /ɕiŋ˧˥/ | hang4 /hɐŋ˨˩/ | xin⁴⁵ /ɕin˦˥/ |
| 行 | Hàng /haŋ˧˩/ | Hàng /haŋ˨˩/ | Hàng /haŋ˨˩/ | hang2 /xaŋ˧˥/ | xaŋ2 /xaŋ˧˥/ | hong4 /hɔːŋ˨˩/ | hong⁴⁵ /hɔŋ˦˥/ |
| 来 | Lai /laːi˧˨/ | Lai /laːi˧˧/ | Lai /laːi˧˧/ | lae2 /læ˧˥/ | lai2 /lai˧˥/ | lai4 /lɐi˨˩/ | lai⁴⁵ /lai˦˥/ |
| 去 | Khứ /xɨ˨˩˧/ | Khứ /xɨ˧˥/ | Khứ /xɨ˧˥/ | qvx4 /tɕʰɯ˨˩/ | khy4 /kʰy˥˩/ | heoi3 /hɵy˧˧/ | qhie²¹ /tɕʰie˨˩/ |
| 見 | Kiến /kiən˨˩˧/ | Kiến /kiən˧˥/ | Kiến /kiən˧˥/ | jie4 /tɕiɛ˨˩/ | kien4 /kiɛn˥˩/ | gin3 /kiːn˧˧/ | jien⁴⁵ /tɕiɛn˦˥/ |
| 聞 | Văn /van˧˨/ | Văn /jan˧˧/ | Văn /van˧˧/ | wen2 /wɛn˧˥/ | ven2 /vən˧˥/ | man4 /mɐn˨˩/ | un⁴⁵ /un˦˥/ |
| 食 | Thực /tʰɨk˨˩ʔ/ | Thực /tʰɨk˨˩ʔ/ | Thực /tʰɨk˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | zhix6 /ʐɿ˨˨˨/ | ʂï2 /ʂʅ˧˥/ | sik6 /sɪk̚˨/ | sit⁵ /sɨt̚˥/ |
| 飲 | Ẩm /ʔəm˧˩˨/ | Ẩm /ʔəm˨˩˦/ | Ẩm /ʔəm˧˩˧/ | im3 /ʔim˨˩˦/ | im3 /im˨˩˦/ | jam2 /jɐm˧˥/ | in²¹³ /in˨˩˧/ |
| 走 | Tẩu /təw˧˩˨/ | Tẩu /təw˨˩˦/ | Tẩu /təw˧˩˧/ | zvx3 /ʦɯ˨˩˦/ | tseu3 /tsəu˨˩˦/ | zau2 /tsɐu˧˥/ | zeu²¹³ /tsɛu˨˩˧/ |
| 坐 | Tọa /twa˨˩ˀ/ | Tọa /twa˨˩˨/ | Tọa /twa˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | zvx4 /ʦɯ˨˩/ | tsuo4 /tsuɔ˥˩/ | co5 /tsʰɔː˩˧/ | chho²¹ /tsʰo˨˩/ |
| 立 | Lập /ləp˨˩ʔ/ | Lập /ləp˨˩ʔ/ | Lập /ləp˧ˀ˨ʔ/ | li6 /li˨˨˨/ | li4 /li˥˩/ | lap6 /lɐp̚˨/ | lit⁵ /lit̚˥/ |
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