Soomaali
Somali
Cushitic
Somali (Soomaali) is an East Cushitic language with ~22M speakers — sole official language of Somalia, official in Somaliland, regional in Ethiopia's Somali Region, and one of Djibouti's working languages. Latin orthography (Latiin) standardized 1972 under Siyaad Barre regime. Distinguished by tonal accent (high/low), pharyngeal consonants, and SOV typology with focus markers.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Somali
Water
biyo
/bijo/
Fire
dab
/dab/
Sun
qorrax
/qɔɾːaħ/
Moon
dayax
/dajaħ/
Star
xiddig
/ħiddiɡ/
Mother
hooyo
/hoːjo/
Father
aabo
/aːbo/
I
aniga
/aniɡa/
You
adiga
/adiɡa/
Name
magac
/maɡaʕ/
Eye
il
/il/
Hand
gacan
/ɡaʕan/
Heart
wadne
/wadnɛ/
Love
jacayl
/dʒaʕajl/
Tree
geed
/ɡeːd/
House
guri
/ɡuɾi/
Dog
eey
/eːj/
Cat
bisad
/bisad/
Eat
cun
/ʕun/
Drink
cab
/ʕab/
One
kow
/kow/
Two
laba
/laba/
Hello
salaan
/salaːn/
Thank you
mahadsanid
/mahadsanid/
Good
wanaagsan
/wanaːɡsan/
Computer
kombuyuutar
/kombujuːtar/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Cushitic languages
| Meaning | Somali | Oromo | Saho | Sidamo | Angika | Banjar | Hausa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | biyo /bijo/ | bishaan /biʃaːn/ | lee /leː/ | waayyo /waːjːo/ | पानी /paːniː/ | banyu /baɲu/ | ruwa /ɾuwaː/ |
| Fire | dab /dab/ | ibidda /ibidːa/ | gira /ɡira/ | giiraa /ɡiːraː/ | आग /aːɡ/ | api /api/ | wuta /wuta/ |
| Sun | qorrax /qɔɾːaħ/ | aduu /aduː/ | ayro /ajɾo/ | arrishshe /arːiʃːe/ | सूरज /suːrədʒ/ | matahari /matahari/ | rana /ɾaːnaː/ |
| Moon | dayax /dajaħ/ | jiʼa /dʒiʔa/ | alsa /alsa/ | agana /aɡana/ | चान /tʃaːn/ | bulan /bulan/ | wata /wata/ |
| Star | xiddig /ħiddiɡ/ | urjii /urdʒiː/ | cutuk /ħutuk/ | beeddakko /beːdːakko/ | तारा /taːraː/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | tauraro /tauraːro/ |
| Mother | hooyo /hoːjo/ | haadha /haːɗa/ | ina /ina/ | ama /ama/ | माय /maːj/ | uma /uma/ | uwa /uwaː/ |
| Father | aabo /aːbo/ | abbaa /abːaː/ | abba /abba/ | anna /anːa/ | बाबू /baːbuː/ | abah /abah/ | uba /ubaː/ |
| I | aniga /aniɡa/ | ani /ani/ | anu /ʔanu/ | ani /ani/ | हम /ɦəm/ | aku /aku/ | ni /niː/ |
| You | adiga /adiɡa/ | ati /ati/ | atu /ʔatu/ | ati /ati/ | तों /tõː/ | ikam /ikam/ | kai /kai/ |
| Name | magac /maɡaʕ/ | maqaa /makʼaː/ | migaq /miɡaːʕ/ | suʼma /suʔma/ | नाम /naːm/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | suna /suːnaː/ |
| Eye | il /il/ | ija /idʒa/ | inti /inti/ | ille /ilːe/ | आँख /ãːkʰ/ | mata /mata/ | ido /idoː/ |
| Hand | gacan /ɡaʕan/ | harka /haɾka/ | gaba /ɡaba/ | anga /anɡa/ | हाथ /haːtʰ/ | tangan /taŋan/ | hannu /hanːu/ |
| Heart | wadne /wadnɛ/ | onnee /onːeː/ | qalbe /qalbe/ | wodanaa /wodanaː/ | मन /man/ | ati /ati/ | zuciya /zutʃija/ |
| Love | jacayl /dʒaʕajl/ | jaalala /dʒaːlala/ | kaxano /kaħano/ | baxa /batʼa/ | मया /majaː/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | ƙauna /kʼauna/ |
| Tree | geed /ɡeːd/ | muka /muka/ | caar /ħaːr/ | haqqe /haqːe/ | गाछ /ɡaːtʃʰ/ | batang /bataŋ/ | bishiya /biʃija/ |
| House | guri /ɡuɾi/ | mana /mana/ | kalo /kalo/ | mine /mine/ | घर /ɡʱər/ | rumah /rumah/ | gida /ɡida/ |
| Dog | eey /eːj/ | saree /saɾeː/ | kare /kaɾe/ | minceeti /mintʃeːti/ | कुक्कर /kukːər/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | kare /kaɾe/ |
| Cat | bisad /bisad/ | adurree /aduɾːeː/ | dummu /dummu/ | adurree /adurːeː/ | बिलार /bilaːr/ | pusa /pusa/ | kyanwa /kʲanwa/ |
| Eat | cun /ʕun/ | nyaachuu /ɲaːtʃuː/ | niitan /niːtan/ | itaa /itaː/ | खाएक /kʰaːek/ | makan /makan/ | ci /tʃiː/ |
| Drink | cab /ʕab/ | dhuguu /ɗuɡuː/ | yaaqab /jaːʕab/ | aguraa /aɡuraː/ | पीयक /piːjak/ | nginum /ŋinum/ | sha /ʃaː/ |
| One | kow /kow/ | tokko /tokːo/ | inki /inki/ | mitto /mitːo/ | एक /eːk/ | asa /asa/ | ɗaya /ɗaja/ |
| Two | laba /laba/ | lama /lama/ | lammá /lamˈma/ | lame /lame/ | दू /duː/ | dua /dua/ | biyu /biju/ |
| Hello | salaan /salaːn/ | akkam /akːam/ | malaal /malaːl/ | nagaa yi'ne /naɡaː jiʔne/ | प्रणाम /prəɳaːm/ | salam /salam/ | sannu /sanːu/ |
| Thank you | mahadsanid /mahadsanid/ | galatoomi /ɡalatoːmi/ | galatto /ɡalatto/ | gali'ne /ɡaliʔne/ | धन्यवाद /dʱənjəbaːd/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ | na gode /na ɡode/ |
| Good | wanaagsan /wanaːɡsan/ | gaarii /ɡaːriː/ | meqe /meʕe/ | danchu /dantʃu/ | नीक /niːk/ | bagus /baɡus/ | nagari /naɡaɾi/ |
| Computer | kombuyuutar /kombujuːtar/ | koompitara /koːmpitara/ | — | — | — | komputer /komˈputər/ | kwamfuta /kʷamfuta/ |
Word order compared
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