Soomaali

Somali

Cushitic

FamilyCushitic Speakers~22M ScriptLatin CountriesSomalia, Ethiopia (Somali Region), Kenya, Djibouti Official inSomalia, Somaliland, Ethiopia (regional Somali Region), Djibouti Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3som

Somali (Soomaali) is an East Cushitic language with ~22M speakers — sole official language of Somalia, official in Somaliland, regional in Ethiopia's Somali Region, and one of Djibouti's working languages. Latin orthography (Latiin) standardized 1972 under Siyaad Barre regime. Distinguished by tonal accent (high/low), pharyngeal consonants, and SOV typology with focus markers.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Somali

Water

biyo

/bijo/

Fire

dab

/dab/

Sun

qorrax

/qɔɾːaħ/

Moon

dayax

/dajaħ/

Star

xiddig

/ħiddiɡ/

Mother

hooyo

/hoːjo/

Father

aabo

/aːbo/

I

aniga

/aniɡa/

You

adiga

/adiɡa/

Name

magac

/maɡaʕ/

Eye

il

/il/

Hand

gacan

/ɡaʕan/

Heart

wadne

/wadnɛ/

Love

jacayl

/dʒaʕajl/

Tree

geed

/ɡeːd/

House

guri

/ɡuɾi/

Dog

eey

/eːj/

Cat

bisad

/bisad/

Eat

cun

/ʕun/

Drink

cab

/ʕab/

One

kow

/kow/

Two

laba

/laba/

Hello

salaan

/salaːn/

Thank you

mahadsanid

/mahadsanid/

Good

wanaagsan

/wanaːɡsan/

Computer

kombuyuutar

/kombujuːtar/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Cushitic languages

Meaning SomaliOromoSahoSidamoAngikaBanjarHausa
Water biyo /bijo/ bishaan /biʃaːn/ lee /leː/ waayyo /waːjːo/ पानी /paːniː/ banyu /baɲu/ ruwa /ɾuwaː/
Fire dab /dab/ ibidda /ibidːa/ gira /ɡira/ giiraa /ɡiːraː/ आग /aːɡ/ api /api/ wuta /wuta/
Sun qorrax /qɔɾːaħ/ aduu /aduː/ ayro /ajɾo/ arrishshe /arːiʃːe/ सूरज /suːrədʒ/ matahari /matahari/ rana /ɾaːnaː/
Moon dayax /dajaħ/ jiʼa /dʒiʔa/ alsa /alsa/ agana /aɡana/ चान /tʃaːn/ bulan /bulan/ wata /wata/
Star xiddig /ħiddiɡ/ urjii /urdʒiː/ cutuk /ħutuk/ beeddakko /beːdːakko/ तारा /taːraː/ bintang /bintaŋ/ tauraro /tauraːro/
Mother hooyo /hoːjo/ haadha /haːɗa/ ina /ina/ ama /ama/ माय /maːj/ uma /uma/ uwa /uwaː/
Father aabo /aːbo/ abbaa /abːaː/ abba /abba/ anna /anːa/ बाबू /baːbuː/ abah /abah/ uba /ubaː/
I aniga /aniɡa/ ani /ani/ anu /ʔanu/ ani /ani/ हम /ɦəm/ aku /aku/ ni /niː/
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Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Somali
Waxaan rabaa in aan isku eego sharci aan arkay dukaan ka soo horjeeda hotelka
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 看到的 那套西装
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

Compare with closely-related languages

An uffata hoteela fuuldura suuqii keessatti argee ofkoluuf ilaaluu barbaada
Somali
Waxaan rabaa in aan isku eego sharci aan arkay dukaan ka soo horjeeda hotelka

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