Hausa

Afro-Asiatic (Chadic)

FamilyAfro-Asiatic (Chadic) Speakers~80M (~40M L1 + ~40M L2) ScriptLatin/Arabic (Ajami) CountriesNigeria, Niger, Ghana Official inNigeria (regional) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3hau

Hausa is the most widely spoken Chadic language and a major Sahel-region lingua franca, with ~40M L1 + ~40M L2 across northern Nigeria, Niger, and a wide trade/Islamic diaspora reaching Ghana, Cameroon, Chad, Sudan, and beyond. It uses two writing systems: Boko (Latin, standardized 1930s) for state/secular use and Ajami (Arabic-derived) for centuries-old Islamic literary tradition. Linguistically Hausa has 2 phonemic tones (high/low), vowel length distinction, and an SVO order with rich verbal aspect — including the unusual Chadic intransitive-copy-pronoun construction. The 19th-century Sokoto Caliphate established Hausa as the imperial-administrative lingua franca of much of the West African Sahel.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Hausa

Water

ruwa

/ɾuwaː/

Fire

wuta

/wuta/

Sun

rana

/ɾaːnaː/

Moon

wata

/wata/

Star

tauraro

/tauraːro/

Mother

uwa

/uwaː/

Father

uba

/ubaː/

I

ni

/niː/

You

kai

/kai/

Name

suna

/suːnaː/

Eye

ido

/idoː/

Hand

hannu

/hanːu/

Heart

zuciya

/zutʃija/

Love

ƙauna

/kʼauna/

Tree

bishiya

/biʃija/

House

gida

/ɡida/

Dog

kare

/kaɾe/

Cat

kyanwa

/kʲanwa/

Eat

ci

/tʃiː/

Drink

sha

/ʃaː/

One

ɗaya

/ɗaja/

Two

biyu

/biju/

Hello

sannu

/sanːu/

Thank you

na gode

/na ɡode/

Good

nagari

/naɡaɾi/

Computer

kwamfuta

/kʷamfuta/

Dopamine

Dopamine

/dopamine/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Afro-Asiatic (Chadic) languages

Meaning HausaOromoAramaicKonsoIrulaPaliNepali
Water ruwa /ɾuwaː/ bishaan /biʃaːn/ ܡܝܐ /majjaː/ pishaa /piʃaː/ nīr /niːɾ/ उदक /udaka/ पानी /paːniː/
Fire wuta /wuta/ ibidda /ibidːa/ ܢܘܪܐ /nuːraː/ apitta /apitːa/ /tiː/ अग्गि /aɡːi/ आगो /aːɡo/
Sun rana /ɾaːnaː/ aduu /aduː/ ܫܡܫܐ /ʃemʃaː/ piirtuta /piːrtuta/ čūriyen /tʃuːɾijen/ सुरिय /surija/ सूर्य /suːɾjə/
Moon wata /wata/ jiʼa /dʒiʔa/ ܣܗܪܐ /sahraː/ leya /leja/ niLā /niɭaː/ चन्द /tɕanda/ चन्द्रमा /tʃəndɾəmaː/
Star tauraro /tauraːro/ urjii /urdʒiː/ ܟܘܟܒܐ /koːχβaː/ hikkitta /hikːitːa/ naTčattiram /naʈtʃatːiɾam/ तारा /taːraː/ तारा /t̪aːraː/
Mother uwa /uwaː/ haadha /haːɗa/ ܐܡܐ /ʔemmaː/ aayyaa /aːjːaː/ ammā /amːaː/ माता /maːtaː/ आमा /aːmaː/
Father uba /ubaː/ abbaa /abːaː/ ܐܒܐ /ʔabbaː/ aappaa /aːpːaː/ ayyā /ajːaː/ पिता /pitaː/ बुबा /bubaː/
I ni /niː/ ani /ani/ ܐܢܐ /ʔanaː/ anti /anti/ nānu /naːnu/ अहं /ahaŋ/ /ma/
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Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Hausa
Ina so in gwada rigar ‌da na gani a shago gaban hotel
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 看到的 那套西装
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

Compare with closely-related languages

Hausa
Ina so in gwada rigar ‌da na gani a shago gaban hotel
anāku erriš labāšu lubāri ša amuru ina bīti mehret bīt nubatti
𓅓𓂋𓏏|mrt 𓇋|.j 𓅓𓂝𓂝|mꜣꜣ.n.j 𓎛𓃀𓋴|ḥbs 𓅓 𓅱𓇋𓂝𓏏|m wjꜥ.t 𓂋 𓉐|r-ḥꜣ.t pr
أنا أبي أجرب البدلة اللي شفتها في المحل مقابل الفندق
ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲉⲓⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲛⲧⲁϣⲉⲡ ⲟⲩϩⲃⲥⲱ ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ ϩⲛ ⲟⲩⲁⲡⲟⲑⲏⲕⲏ ⲙⲡⲉⲙⲧⲟ ⲙⲡⲙⲁⲛϣⲱⲡⲉ

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