Lai Holh

Hakha Chin

Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin, Central)

FamilySino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin, Central) Speakers~125K ScriptLatin (Lai orthography, by Welsh missionaries 1900s) CountriesMyanmar Official inNo (Burmese is the sole official language of Myanmar; Hakha Chin is used in Chin State education) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3cnh

Hakha Chin (Lai Holh) is the prestige and de facto lingua franca variety of the Chin (Kuki-Chin) languages, centred on Hakha town in Chin State, Myanmar. It serves as the cross-clan communication medium for ~50 distinct Chin-related communities. Tonal with three contrastive tones, complex verbal morphology including direct/inverse alignment. Notable for the large Chin refugee diaspora in Indianapolis (~25K) and Tulsa (~15K) following political persecution in Myanmar from the 1990s onward.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Hakha Chin

Water

ti

/ti/

Fire

mei

/mei/

Sun

ni

/ni/

Moon

thla

/tʰla/

Star

arfi

/ʔarfi/

Mother

nu

/nu/

Father

pa

/pa/

I

kei

/kei/

You

nang

/naŋ/

Name

min

/min/

Eye

mit

/mit/

Hand

kut

/kut/

Heart

lung

/luŋ/

Love

daw

/daw/

Tree

thingkung

/tʰiŋkuŋ/

House

inn

/in/

Dog

ui

/ui/

Cat

minu

/minu/

Eat

ei

/ei/

Drink

din

/din/

One

pakhat

/pakʰat/

Two

pahnih

/pahniʔ/

Hello

na dam maw

/na dam maw/

Thank you

ka lawm

/ka lawm/

Good

tha

/tʰa/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin, Central) languages

Meaning Hakha ChinMizoMeiteiTangkhul NagaZeme NagaNorthern QiangDzongkha
Water ti /ti/ tui /tui/ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ /isiŋ/ ze /ze/ nki /nki/ cu /tsu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/
Fire mei /mei/ mei /mei/ ꯃꯩ /mei/ mei /mei/ mei /mei/ mi /mi/ མེ /me/
Sun ni /ni/ ni /ni/ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ /numit/ nyithui /ɲitʰui/ sʰeu /sʰeu/ mu /mu/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/
Moon thla /tʰla/ thla /tʰla/ ꯊꯥ /tʰaː/ lai /lai/ kʰu /kʰu/ nyi /ɲi/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/
Star arfi /ʔarfi/ arsi /arsi/ ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ /tʰawanmitɕak/ sira /siraː/ tara /taɾa/ ʁʐə /ʁʐə/ སྐར་མ /kaːma/
Mother nu /nu/ nu /nu/ ꯏꯃꯥ /ima/ ina /ina/ nem /nem/ ami /ami/ ཨ་མ /ama/
Father pa /pa/ pa /pa/ ꯏꯄꯥ /ipa/ apa /apa/ ape /ape/ apa /apa/ ཨ་པ /apa/
I kei /kei/ kei /kei/ ꯑꯩ /əi/ i /i/ ge /ge/ qa /qɑ/ /ŋa/
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