Latviešu

Latvian

Baltic

FamilyBaltic Speakers~1.7M ScriptLatin CountriesLatvia Official inLatvia + EU Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3lav

Latvian is one of two surviving Baltic languages alongside Lithuanian (the closest living relatives within Indo-European). The official language of Latvia and an EU language with ~1.4M L1 speakers. Distinguished from Lithuanian by fixed initial stress and three syllabic intonations (level, falling, broken — the last unique among IE languages). Latin script with 11 diacritic letters (ā č ē ģ ī ķ ļ ņ š ū ž). Standardized orthography 1908; Latvian Awakening literary movement (1850s-1880s) and the Daina folk-song tradition (over 1.2M variants collected).

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Latvian

Water

ūdens

/uːdɛns/

Fire

uguns

/uɡuns/

Sun

saule

/saulɛ/

Moon

mēness

/meːnɛs/

Mother

māte

/maːtɛ/

Father

tēvs

/teːvs/

Eat

ēst

/eːst/

Drink

dzert

/d͡zɛrt/

Love

mīlestība

/miːlɛstiːba/

Heart

sirds

/sirds/

Tree

koks

/kuɔks/

House

māja

/maːja/

Dog

suns

/suns/

Cat

kaķis

/kacis/

Hand

roka

/ruɔka/

Eye

acs

/at͡s/

Hello

sveiki

/svɛiki/

Thank you

paldies

/paldiɛs/

One

viens

/viɛns/

Good

labs

/labs/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Baltic languages

Meaning LatvianOld PrussianSamogitianNorwegian NynorskSwedishSlovenianLithuanian
Water ūdens /uːdɛns/ undan /undan/ vondou /vɔndɔu/ vatn /vɑːtn/ vatten /vatːɛn/ voda /voːda/ vanduo /vɐnˈduɔ/
Fire uguns /uɡuns/ panno /panːo/ ognės /ɔɡneːs/ eld /ɛld/ eld /ɛld/ ogenj /oːɡənj/ ugnis /uɡʲˈnʲɪs/
Sun saule /saulɛ/ saule /saule/ saulė /sauleː/ sol /suːl/ sol /suːl/ sonce /soːnt͡sɛ/ saulė /ˈsaʊlʲeː/
Moon mēness /meːnɛs/ menins /menins/ mienou /mʲeːnɔu/ måne /moːnə/ måne /moːnɛ/ luna /luːna/ mėnulis /mʲeːˈnʊlʲɪs/
Mother māte /maːtɛ/ mūti /muːti/ mama /mama/ mor /muːr/ mamma /mamːa/ mati /maːti/ motina /ˈmotʲɪnɐ/
Father tēvs /teːvs/ tāws /taːws/ tievs /tʲieːvs/ far /fɑːr/ pappa /papːa/ oče /oːt͡ʃɛ/ tėvas /ˈtʲeːvɐs/
Eat ēst /eːst/ īst /iːst/ valgītė /vaɫɡʲiːteː/ eta /eːtɑ/ äta /ɛːta/ jesti /jɛːsti/ valgyti /ˈvɐlɡʲiːtʲɪ/
Drink dzert /d͡zɛrt/ poūton /poʊton/ gertė /ɡʲɛrteː/ drikka /drɪkːɑ/ dricka /drɪkːa/ piti /piːti/ gerti /ˈɡʲɛrtʲɪ/
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Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Latvian
Es vēlos uzlaikot uzvalku ko redzēju veikalā pretī viesnīcai
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 看到的 那套西装
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

Compare with closely-related languages

Latvian
Es vēlos uzlaikot uzvalku ko redzēju veikalā pretī viesnīcai
noriu pasimatuoti kostiumą kurį mačiau parduotuvėje priešais viešbutį

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