Latviešu
Latvian
Baltic
Latvian is one of two surviving Baltic languages alongside Lithuanian (the closest living relatives within Indo-European). The official language of Latvia and an EU language with ~1.4M L1 speakers. Distinguished from Lithuanian by fixed initial stress and three syllabic intonations (level, falling, broken — the last rare among Indo-European languages, with a close parallel in Danish stød). Latin script with 11 diacritic letters (ā č ē ģ ī ķ ļ ņ š ū ž). Standardized orthography 1908; Latvian Awakening literary movement (1850s-1880s) and the Daina folk-song tradition (over 1.2M variants collected).
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Latvian
Water
ūdens
/uːdɛns/
Fire
uguns
/uɡuns/
Sun
saule
/saulɛ/
Moon
mēness
/meːnɛs/
Star
zvaigzne
/ˈzvaɪɡzne/
Mother
māte
/maːtɛ/
Father
tēvs
/teːvs/
I
es
/æs/
You
tu
/tu/
Name
vārds
/vaːrds/
Eye
acs
/ats/
Hand
roka
/ruɔka/
Heart
sirds
/sirds/
Love
mīlestība
/miːlɛstiːba/
Tree
koks
/kuɔks/
House
māja
/maːja/
Dog
suns
/suns/
Cat
kaķis
/kacis/
Eat
ēst
/eːst/
Drink
dzert
/dzɛrt/
One
viens
/viɛns/
Two
divi
/ˈdivi/
Hello
sveiki
/svɛiki/
Thank you
paldies
/paldiɛs/
Good
labs
/labs/
Cuckoo
dzeguze
/ˈdzɛɡuzɛ/
Woof
vau vau
/vau vau/
Computer
dators
/ˈdatɔrs/
Sushi
suši
/ˈsuʃi/
Dopamine
dofamīns
/ˈdɔfamiːns/
At sign (@)
et
/et/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Baltic languages
| Meaning | Latvian | Latgalian | Old Prussian | Samogitian | Slovenian | Lithuanian | Bulgarian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ūdens /uːdɛns/ | iudiņs /ˈiudʲinʲtsʲ/ | undan /undan/ | vondou /vɔndɔu/ | voda /ˈʋɔːda/ | vanduo /vɐnˈduɔ/ | вода /vɔda/ |
| Fire | uguns /uɡuns/ | guņs /ˈɡunʲtsʲ/ | panno /panːo/ | ognės /ɔɡneːs/ | ogenj /oːɡənj/ | ugnis /uɡʲˈnʲɪs/ | огън /ɔɡɤn/ |
| Sun | saule /saulɛ/ | saule /ˈsaulʲæ/ | saule /saule/ | saulė /sauleː/ | sonce /soːntsɛ/ | saulė /ˈsaʊlʲeː/ | слънце /slɤntsɛ/ |
| Moon | mēness /meːnɛs/ | mienesnīks /ˈmʲienʲesnʲiːks/ | menins /menins/ | mienou /mʲeːnɔu/ | luna /luːna/ | mėnulis /mʲeːˈnʊlʲɪs/ | луна /luna/ |
| Star | zvaigzne /ˈzvaɪɡzne/ | zvaigzne /ˈzvaiɡznʲæ/ | lauxnos /ˈlauksnɔs/ | žvaigždė /ʒvaɪɡʒdeː/ | zvezda /ˈzʋeːzda/ | žvaigždė /ʒvɐɪɡʒˈdʲeː/ | звезда /zvɛzˈda/ |
| Mother | māte /maːtɛ/ | muote /ˈmuotʲæ/ | mūti /muːti/ | mama /mama/ | mati /maːti/ | motina /ˈmoːtʲɪnɐ/ | майка /majka/ |
| Father | tēvs /teːvs/ | tāvs /ˈtaːvs/ | tāws /taːws/ | tievs /tʲieːvs/ | oče /oːtʃɛ/ | tėvas /ˈtʲeːvɐs/ | баща /bɐʃˈta/ |
| I | es /æs/ | es /ˈæs/ | as /as/ | aš /aʃ/ | jaz /jaːs/ | aš /ɐʃ/ | аз /as/ |
| You | tu /tu/ | tu /ˈtu/ | tū /tuː/ | tŭ /tʊ/ | ti /tiː/ | tu /tʊ/ | ти /ti/ |
| Name | vārds /vaːrds/ | vuords /ˈvuorts/ | emnes /ˈemnes/ | vards /vards/ | ime /iˈmeː/ | vardas /ˈvɐrdɐs/ | име /ˈime/ |
| Eye | acs /ats/ | acs /ˈatsʲ/ | ackis /akis/ | akės /akʲeːs/ | oko /ɔˈkoː/ | akis /ɐˈkʲɪs/ | око /ɔkɔ/ |
| Hand | roka /ruɔka/ | rūka /ˈruːka/ | rancko /ranko/ | ronka /rɔŋka/ | roka /ɾɔːka/ | ranka /rɐŋˈkɐ/ | ръка /rɤka/ |
| Heart | sirds /sirds/ | sirds /ˈsʲirtsʲ/ | sīran /siːran/ | šėrdės /ʃʲeːrdʲeːs/ | srce /sərtsɛ/ | širdis /ˈʃʲɪrdʲɪs/ | сърце /sɤrtsɛ/ |
| Love | mīlestība /miːlɛstiːba/ | mīleiba /ˈmʲiːlʲeiba/ | milīt /miliːt/ | meilė /mʲɛileː/ | ljubezen /ljubeːzɛn/ | meilė /ˈmʲɛɪlʲeː/ | любов /ljubɔf/ |
| Tree | koks /kuɔks/ | kūks /ˈkuːks/ | garrin /ˈɡarin/ | medis /mʲɛdʲɪs/ | drevo /dɾeːʋo/ | medis /ˈmʲɛdʲɪs/ | дърво /dɤrvɔ/ |
| House | māja /maːja/ | sāta /ˈsaːta/ | butt /butː/ | noms /nɔms/ | hiša /xiːʃa/ | namas /ˈnamɐs/ | къща /kɤʃtɐ/ |
| Dog | suns /suns/ | suņs /ˈsunʲtsʲ/ | sūns /suːns/ | šou /ʃɔu/ | pes /pɛːs/ | šuo /ʃuɔ/ | куче /kutʃɛ/ |
| Cat | kaķis /kacis/ | kačs /ˈkatʃs/ | katto /katːo/ | katė /katʲeː/ | mačka /maːtʃka/ | katė /ˈkatʲeː/ | котка /kɔtka/ |
| Eat | ēst /eːst/ | ēst /ˈæːsʲtʲ/ | īst /iːst/ | valgītė /vaɫɡʲiːteː/ | jesti /jɛːsti/ | valgyti /ˈvɐlɡʲiːtʲɪ/ | ям /jam/ |
| Drink | dzert /dzɛrt/ | dzert /ˈdzʲærtʲ/ | poūton /poʊton/ | gertė /ɡʲɛrteː/ | piti /piːti/ | gerti /ˈɡʲɛrtʲɪ/ | пия /pijɐ/ |
| One | viens /viɛns/ | vīns /ˈvʲiːnts/ | ains /ains/ | vins /vʲɪns/ | eden /ɛːdən/ | vienas /ˈvʲɪɛnɐs/ | един /ɛdin/ |
| Two | divi /ˈdivi/ | divi /ˈdʲivʲi/ | dwai /dwai/ | du /dʊ/ | dva /dʋaː/ | du /dʊ/ | две /dvɛ/ |
| Hello | sveiki /svɛiki/ | vasals /ˈvasals/ | kaīls /kaiːls/ | labs /labs/ | živjo /ʒiːʋjo/ | labas /ˈlabɐs/ | здравей /zdravɛj/ |
| Thank you | paldies /paldiɛs/ | paļdis /ˈpalʲdʲis/ | dīnkun /diːnkun/ | ačiū /atʃuː/ | hvala /xʋaːla/ | ačiū /ˈɐtʃʲuː/ | благодаря /blaɡɔdarʲa/ |
| Good | labs /labs/ | lobs /ˈlɔps/ | labs /labs/ | gers /ɡʲɛrs/ | dober /doːbər/ | geras /ˈɡʲɛrɐs/ | добър /dɔbɤr/ |
| Cuckoo | dzeguze /ˈdzɛɡuzɛ/ | dzagiuze /ˈdzaɡʲiuzʲæ/ | geguse /ɡɛˈɡuːzɛ/ | — | kukavica /ˈkuːkaʋitsa/ | gegutė /ɡʲɛˈɡʊtʲeː/ | кукувица /kukuˈvitsɐ/ |
| Woof | vau vau /vau vau/ | — | — | — | hov hov /xou xou/ | au au /ɐu ɐu/ | бау бау /bau bau/ |
| Computer | dators /ˈdatɔrs/ | dators /ˈdatɔrs/ | — | — | računalnik /ratʃuˈnaːlnik/ | kompiuteris /kɔmˈpʲutʲɛrʲɪs/ | компютър /komˈpjutɤr/ |
| Sushi | suši /ˈsuʃi/ | — | — | — | suši /ˈsuːʃi/ | sušis /ˈsʊʃʲɪs/ | суши /ˈsuʃi/ |
| Dopamine | dofamīns /ˈdɔfamiːns/ | — | — | — | dopamin /dɔpaˈmiːn/ | dopaminas /dɔpaˈmʲinas/ | допамин /dopɐˈmin/ |
| At sign (@) | et /et/ | — | — | — | afna /ˈaːfna/ | eta /ɛˈtaː/ | маймунка /mɐjˈmunkɐ/ |
Word order compared
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