Latviešu

Latvian

Baltic

FamilyBaltic Speakers~1.7M ScriptLatin CountriesLatvia Official inLatvia + EU Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3lav

Latvian is one of two surviving Baltic languages alongside Lithuanian (the closest living relatives within Indo-European). The official language of Latvia and an EU language with ~1.4M L1 speakers. Distinguished from Lithuanian by fixed initial stress and three syllabic intonations (level, falling, broken — the last rare among Indo-European languages, with a close parallel in Danish stød). Latin script with 11 diacritic letters (ā č ē ģ ī ķ ļ ņ š ū ž). Standardized orthography 1908; Latvian Awakening literary movement (1850s-1880s) and the Daina folk-song tradition (over 1.2M variants collected).

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Latvian

Water

ūdens

/uːdɛns/

Fire

uguns

/uɡuns/

Sun

saule

/saulɛ/

Moon

mēness

/meːnɛs/

Star

zvaigzne

/ˈzvaɪɡzne/

Mother

māte

/maːtɛ/

Father

tēvs

/teːvs/

I

es

/æs/

You

tu

/tu/

Name

vārds

/vaːrds/

Eye

acs

/ats/

Hand

roka

/ruɔka/

Heart

sirds

/sirds/

Love

mīlestība

/miːlɛstiːba/

Tree

koks

/kuɔks/

House

māja

/maːja/

Dog

suns

/suns/

Cat

kaķis

/kacis/

Eat

ēst

/eːst/

Drink

dzert

/dzɛrt/

One

viens

/viɛns/

Two

divi

/ˈdivi/

Hello

sveiki

/svɛiki/

Thank you

paldies

/paldiɛs/

Good

labs

/labs/

Cuckoo

dzeguze

/ˈdzɛɡuzɛ/

Woof

vau vau

/vau vau/

Computer

dators

/ˈdatɔrs/

Sushi

suši

/ˈsuʃi/

Dopamine

dofamīns

/ˈdɔfamiːns/

At sign (@)

et

/et/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Baltic languages

Meaning LatvianLatgalianOld PrussianSamogitianSlovenianLithuanianBulgarian
Water ūdens /uːdɛns/ iudiņs /ˈiudʲinʲtsʲ/ undan /undan/ vondou /vɔndɔu/ voda /ˈʋɔːda/ vanduo /vɐnˈduɔ/ вода /vɔda/
Fire uguns /uɡuns/ guņs /ˈɡunʲtsʲ/ panno /panːo/ ognės /ɔɡneːs/ ogenj /oːɡənj/ ugnis /uɡʲˈnʲɪs/ огън /ɔɡɤn/
Sun saule /saulɛ/ saule /ˈsaulʲæ/ saule /saule/ saulė /sauleː/ sonce /soːntsɛ/ saulė /ˈsaʊlʲeː/ слънце /slɤntsɛ/
Moon mēness /meːnɛs/ mienesnīks /ˈmʲienʲesnʲiːks/ menins /menins/ mienou /mʲeːnɔu/ luna /luːna/ mėnulis /mʲeːˈnʊlʲɪs/ луна /luna/
Star zvaigzne /ˈzvaɪɡzne/ zvaigzne /ˈzvaiɡznʲæ/ lauxnos /ˈlauksnɔs/ žvaigždė /ʒvaɪɡʒdeː/ zvezda /ˈzʋeːzda/ žvaigždė /ʒvɐɪɡʒˈdʲeː/ звезда /zvɛzˈda/
Mother māte /maːtɛ/ muote /ˈmuotʲæ/ mūti /muːti/ mama /mama/ mati /maːti/ motina /ˈmoːtʲɪnɐ/ майка /majka/
Father tēvs /teːvs/ tāvs /ˈtaːvs/ tāws /taːws/ tievs /tʲieːvs/ oče /oːtʃɛ/ tėvas /ˈtʲeːvɐs/ баща /bɐʃˈta/
I es /æs/ es /ˈæs/ as /as/ /aʃ/ jaz /jaːs/ /ɐʃ/ аз /as/
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Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Latvian
Es vēlos uzlaikot uzvalku ko redzēju veikalā pretī viesnīcai
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 看到的 那套西装
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

Compare with closely-related languages

Latvian
Es vēlos uzlaikot uzvalku ko redzēju veikalā pretī viesnīcai
noriu pasimatuoti kostiumą kurį mačiau parduotuvėje priešais viešbutį

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