Frühneuhochdeutsch (Luthers Sprache)

Early New High German (Luther-era)

Indo-European (Germanic, West, Frühneuhochdeutsch / Early New High German) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyIndo-European (Germanic, West, Frühneuhochdeutsch / Early New High German) SpeakersHistorical literary form (~1350-1650 CE); active pedagogical use in Reformation studies and German literary education ScriptLatin (Fraktur in early printings) CountriesHoly Roman Empire (Saxony, Wittenberg); Reformation-era Germanic territories; modern German literary curriculum Official inSaxon chancery (Sächsische Kanzleisprache); de-facto standard of Reformation-era German Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3deu

Early New High German (Frühneuhochdeutsch, ENHG, c. 1350-1650) is the German of the Reformation: Luther's Bible (1522 NT, 1534 complete, 1545 final), Hans Sachs's plays, the Volksbücher tradition. Luther's East Central German (ostmitteldeutsch) Saxon chancery prose became the basis on which Modern Standard German (Hochdeutsch) was standardized in the following centuries. Distinct from Middle High German (gmh, 1050-1350) by the New High German Diphthongization (MHG mîn → ENHG mein "my", MHG hûs → ENHG haus "house", MHG iuwer → ENHG euer "your"). Distinct from Modern German (de) by archaic Fraktur-era spellings (Hauß for Haus, Danck for Dank, Hertz for Herz, Bawm for Baum) and pre-standard regional variation. The pedagogical canon taught in German Liceum classes for reading Luther, the Reformation pamphlet tradition, and ENHG literary corpus. Anchored at Wittenberg — Luther's home, site of the 95 Theses (1517), and center of Reformation print culture.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Early New High German (Luther-era)

Water

Wasser

/ˈvasːər/

Fire

Fewr

/foɪ̯r/

Sun

Sonne

/ˈzɔnə/

Moon

Mond

/moːnt/

Mother

Mutter

/ˈmʊtər/

Father

Vater

/ˈfaːtər/

Eat

essen

/ˈɛsːən/

Drink

trincken

/ˈtrɪŋkən/

Love

Liebe

/ˈliːbə/

Heart

Hertz

/hɛrt͡s/

Tree

Bawm

/baʊm/

House

Hauß

/haʊs/

Dog

Hund

/hʊnt/

Cat

Katze

/ˈkat͡sə/

Hand

Handt

/hant/

Eye

Aug

/aʊk/

Hello

Gott zum Gruß

/ɡɔt t͡sʊm ɡruːs/

Thank you

Danck

/daŋk/

One

eyn

/aɪ̯n/

Good

gut

/ɡuːt/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Indo-European (Germanic, West, Frühneuhochdeutsch / Early New High German) languages

Meaning Early New High German (Luther-era)GermanGerman (Austrian)Pennsylvania GermanMiddle High GermanEast FranconianKölsch
Water Wasser /ˈvasːər/ Wasser /vasɐ/ Wasser /vasɐ/ Wasser /vasər/ wazzer /ˈwatser/ Wasser /vasːə/ Wasser /vasɐ/
Fire Fewr /foɪ̯r/ Feuer /fɔɪ̯ɐ/ Feuer /fɔɪɐ/ Feier /faɪər/ viur /viur/ Feier /faɪɐ/ Füer /fyːɐ/
Sun Sonne /ˈzɔnə/ Sonne /zɔnə/ Sonne /sɔnə/ Sunn /sʊn/ sunne /ˈzunːə/ Sunn /sʊn/ Sonn /zɔn/
Moon Mond /moːnt/ Mond /moːnt/ Mond /moːnt/ Mund /mʊnt/ mâne /ˈmaːnə/ Maa /maː/ Mond /moːnt/
Mother Mutter /ˈmʊtər/ Mutter /mʊtɐ/ Mutter /mʊtɐ/ Mudder /mʊdər/ muoter /ˈmuoːtər/ Mudder /mʊdɐ/ Moder /moːdɐ/
Father Vater /ˈfaːtər/ Vater /faːtɐ/ Vater /fɑːtɐ/ Daadi /daːdi/ vater /ˈfatər/ Vadder /fadɐ/ Vatter /fatɐ/
Eat essen /ˈɛsːən/ essen /ɛsn̩/ essen /ɛsn̩/ esse /ɛsə/ ezzen /ˈetsən/ esse /ɛsə/ esse /ɛsə/
Drink trincken /ˈtrɪŋkən/ trinken /tʁɪŋkn̩/ trinken /tʁɪŋkŋ/ drinke /dɾɪŋkə/ trinken /ˈtrinkən/ trinke /trɪŋkə/ drinke /dʁɪŋkə/
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