Azhepu

Azhe

Sino-Tibetan

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Azhe (Azhepu, "Azhe people") is a Loloish language of southeastern Yunnan, China, spoken in Mile and Yiliang counties of Honghe Hani-Yi Autonomous Prefecture. The Azhe are recognized by the Chinese government as part of the broader Yi nationality (ethnic group), though the Azhe variety is mutually unintelligible with the prestige Yi (Nuosu) variety (ii) of Liangshan Prefecture. Azhe is famous in Chinese ethnomusicology as the language of the "Azhe Tiao Yue" ("Azhe Jumping Moon Dance"), an iconic ritual dance with extensive song lyrics in Azhe documented since the 1950s. Linguistically, Azhe shows typical Loloish features: tonal (4 tones), classifier-noun constructions, and a rich vocabulary for terraced rice agriculture.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Azhe

Water

ʑɿ

/ʑɿ˧˧/

Fire

mi

/mi˧˧/

Sun

ŋni

/ŋnʲi˧˧/

Moon

ɬɛ

/ɬɛ˧˧/

Mother

amo

/amo˧˧/

Father

ada

/ada˧˧/

Eat

dza

/dza˧˧/

Drink

du

/du˧˧/

Love

ŋa

/ŋa˧˧/

Heart

si

/si˧˧/

Tree

sɿ

/sɿ˧˧/

House

ɣɯ

/ɣɯ˧˧/

Dog

kʰɯ

/kʰɯ˧˧/

Cat

vi

/vi˧˧/

Hand

la

/la˧˧/

Eye

ȵi

/ȵi˧˧/

Hello

mosu

/mosu˧˧/

Thank you

katɕʰɿ

/katɕʰɿ˧˧/

One

tsʰɿ

/tsʰɿ˧˧/

Good

mu

/mu˧˧/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Sino-Tibetan languages

Meaning AzheYi (Nuosu)Wenzhou WuAkhaTaishaneseLanyin MandarinTujia
Water ʑɿ /ʑɿ˧˧/ /ʑɿ˧˧/ /sɿ˧˥/ i tsi /i˧tsɨ˧/ /ɬui˧˧/ /sui˥˧/ zi /t͡sɨ˥˧/
Fire mi /mi˧˧/ ꃆꄔ /mu˨˩tu˥/ /hu˧˥/ mji /mji˧/ /fɔ˥˥/ /xo˥˧/ mi /mi˥˧/
Sun ŋni /ŋnʲi˧˧/ ꉘꁮ /ho˧˧bu˧˧/ 日头 /zai˨˩˧dau˧˩/ nyi ma /ɲi˧ma˧/ 日头 /ɲit˨˨hau˧˧/ 日头 /ʐɨ˨˦tʰəu˨˦/ ni /ni˧˥/
Moon ɬɛ /ɬɛ˧˧/ /ɬɯ˨˩/ 月光 /ɦyø˨˩˧kuɔ˧˧/ ba la /ba˧la˧/ 月光 /ɲut˧˧kwɔŋ˨˨/ 月亮 /yɛ˦˦ljaŋ/ nie /nie˧˥/
Mother amo /amo˧˧/ ꀊꂿ /a˧˧mo˧˧/ 阿娘 /a˧˩ɲiɛ˧˩/ a ma /a˧ma˧/ 阿妈 /a˧˧ma˥˥/ /ma˧˧/ a-mie /a˧mie˧/
Father ada /ada˧˧/ ꀊꀧ /a˧˧bo˧˧/ 阿爸 /a˧˩pa˧˧/ a da /a˧da˧/ 阿爸 /a˧˧pa˥˥/ /pa˥˧/ a-pa /a˧pa˧/
Eat dza /dza˧˧/ /dzɯ˧˧/ /d͡zai˨˩˧/ za /dza˧/ /ɬik˧˧/ /tʂʰɨ˧˧/ za /t͡sa˨˩/
Drink du /du˧˧/ /tu˧˧/ /kʰa˧˧/ tu /tu˧/ /ɲim˧˧/ /xɛ˧˧/ da /ta˧/
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