Tayal
Kiatayal
Kiaustronesia (Atayalic)
Atayal (Tayal) ni lugha kuu ya Kiformosa cha Kaskazini ya milima ya kaskazini mwa Taiwan, inayozungumzwa na watu wapatao 85,000 wakiwa na watumiaji wapatao 10,000 wa lugha ya kwanza (L1) wa kila siku. Inatambuliwa kama mojawapo ya lugha 16 za asili za Kiaustronesia za Taiwan. Lahaja kuu mbili: Squliq (yenye uhifadhi zaidi, msingi wa kiwango sanifu) na C'uli'. Maarufu kwa desturi ya chale ya uso (ptasan) inayoashiria utu uzima (ilipigwa marufuku na utawala wa kikoloni wa Kijapani mwaka 1913). Mofolojia ya kitenzi yenye urudufishaji mwingi na mfumo wa Kiaustronesia wa kuonyesha kitovu (focus-marking) wa Atayal ni ushahidi muhimu katika nadharia za Formosa-kama-nchi-asili.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Kiatayal
Maji
qsya'
/qsijaʔ/
Moto
puniq
/puniq/
Jua
wagi'
/waɡiʔ/
Mwezi
byacing
/bjatʃiŋ/
Nyota
pintuxan
/pintuxan/
Mama
yaya'
/jajaʔ/
Baba
yaba'
/jabaʔ/
Mimi
kuzing
/kuziŋ/
Wewe
isu'
/ʔisuʔ/
Jina
lalu'
/laluʔ/
Jicho
roziq
/roziq/
Mkono
qba'
/qbaʔ/
Moyo
nyux
/njux/
Upendo
kmalu inlungan
/kmalu inluŋan/
Mti
qhuniq
/qhuniq/
Nyumba
ngasal
/ŋasal/
Mbwa
huzil
/huzil/
Paka
ngiyaw
/ŋijaw/
Kula
maniq
/maniq/
Kunywa
mqwalax
/mqwalax/
Moja
qutux
/qutux/
Mbili
sazing
/saziŋ/
Habari
lokah
/lokah/
Asante
mhuway
/mhuwaj/
Nzuri
blaq
/blaq/
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Austronesian (Atayalic) zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kiatayal | Kitruku/Seediq | Kibunun | Kaqchikel | Kiiban | Kimalay cha Maluku Kaskazini | Kimalayu cha Patani |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | qsya' /qsijaʔ/ | qsiya /qsija/ | danum /danum/ | yaʼ /jaʔ/ | ai /ai/ | aer /aer/ | ayé /ajeʔ/ |
| Moto | puniq /puniq/ | puniq /puniq/ | sapuz /sapuz/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ |
| Jua | wagi' /waɡiʔ/ | hidaw /hidaw/ | vali /vali/ | qʼij /qʼix/ | mata-ari /mataari/ | matahari /matahari/ | matari /mataʁe/ |
| Mwezi | byacing /bjatʃiŋ/ | idas /idas/ | buan /buan/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulé /buleʔ/ |
| Nyota | pintuxan /pintuxan/ | pngrah /pŋərah/ | bintuhan /bintuhan/ | chʼumil /tʃʼumil/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintae /bintɛ/ |
| Mama | yaya' /jajaʔ/ | bubu /bubu/ | tina /tina/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | indai /indai/ | mama /mama/ | emak /əmaʔ/ |
| Baba | yaba' /jabaʔ/ | tama /tama/ | tama /tama/ | tataʼ /tataʔ/ | apai /apai/ | papa /papa/ | aboh /aboh/ |
| Mimi | kuzing /kuziŋ/ | yaku /jaku/ | saikin /saikin/ | rïn /rɨn/ | aku /aku/ | kita /kita/ | kawe /kawɛ/ |
| Wewe | isu' /ʔisuʔ/ | isu /ʔisu/ | suu /suʔu/ | rat /rat/ | nuan /nuan/ | ngana /ŋana/ | mu /mu/ |
| Jina | lalu' /laluʔ/ | hangan /haŋan/ | ngaan /ŋaan/ | bʼiʼ /ɓiʔ/ | nama /nama/ | nama /nama/ | namo /namɔ/ |
| Jicho | roziq /roziq/ | dowriq /dowriq/ | mata /mata/ | bʼaqʼ wach /ɓaqʼ watʃ/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mato /mato/ |
| Mkono | qba' /qbaʔ/ | baga /baɡa/ | ima /ima/ | qʼaʼ /qʼaʔ/ | jari /dʒari/ | tangang /taŋaŋ/ | tagae /taŋajɛ/ |
| Moyo | nyux /njux/ | lnglungan /lŋluŋan/ | is-ang /isaŋ/ | k'u'x /kʼuʔʃ/ | ati /ati/ | hati /hati/ | ati /ati/ |
| Upendo | kmalu inlungan /kmalu inluŋan/ | gmalu /ɡmalu/ | madaidaz /madaidaz/ | ajowabʼäl /axowaɓəl/ | rinduai /rinduai/ | cinta /tʃinta/ | cinto /tʃinto/ |
| Mti | qhuniq /qhuniq/ | qhuni /qhuni/ | kahu /kahu/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | kayu /kaju/ | pohong /pohoŋ/ | pokok /pokoʔ/ |
| Nyumba | ngasal /ŋasal/ | sapah /sapah/ | lumaq /lumaq/ | jay /xaj/ | rumah /rumah/ | ruma /ruma/ | rumoh /rumoh/ |
| Mbwa | huzil /huzil/ | huling /huliŋ/ | asu /asu/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | ukui /ukui/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjeng /andʒeŋ/ |
| Paka | ngiyaw /ŋijaw/ | ngiyaw /ŋijaw/ | ngingiyaw /ŋiŋijaw/ | mes /mes/ | mayau /majau/ | ikung /ikuŋ/ | kuche /kutʃeʔ/ |
| Kula | maniq /maniq/ | meekan /meekan/ | maun /maun/ | waʼin /waʔin/ | makai /makai/ | makang /makaŋ/ | makae /makajɛ/ |
| Kunywa | mqwalax /mqwalax/ | mimah /mimah/ | muqun /muqun/ | kumun /kumun/ | ngirup /ŋirup/ | minong /minoŋ/ | minon /minon/ |
| Moja | qutux /qutux/ | kingal /kiŋal/ | tasa /tasa/ | jun /xun/ | satu /satu/ | satu /satu/ | satu /satu/ |
| Mbili | sazing /saziŋ/ | dha /daha/ | dusa /dusa/ | kaʼiʼ /kaʔiʔ/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | duo /duɔ/ |
| Habari | lokah /lokah/ | malu /malu/ | uninang /uninaŋ/ | utz iwäch /uts iwætʃ/ | salam /salam/ | cerang /tʃeraŋ/ | nyaman ka /ɲaman ka/ |
| Asante | mhuway /mhuwaj/ | mhuway /mhuwaj/ | uninang /uninaŋ/ | matyox /matjoʃ/ | terima kasih /terima kasih/ | tarima kase /tarima kase/ | terimo kasih /tərimo kaseh/ |
| Nzuri | blaq /blaq/ | malu /malu/ | masial /masial/ | utz /uts/ | manah /manah/ | bae /bae/ | baghuh /baɣuh/ |
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