Kaqchikel
Familia ya Kimaya (Quiché, Kaqchikel)
Kikaqchikel (ISO 639-3: cak) ni lugha ya Kimaya inayozungumzwa hasa katika nyanda za juu za kati za Guatemala, hususan Chimaltenango, Sacatepéquez, Sololá na maeneo jirani. Ndani ya tawi la K’iche’ kina uhusiano wa karibu zaidi na Kitz’utujil na wa mbali zaidi na K’iche’, huku Kikaqchikel chenyewe kikiwa na tofauti kubwa za lahaja. Sarufi yake ina upangaji wa kiima-ergativi–absolutivi, mofolojia tajiri ya vitenzi na mpangilio msingi unaoanza na kitenzi wenye unyumbufu mkubwa; konsonanti zake zina vizuiwa na vizuiwa-msuguano vya glota. Tahajia sanifu ya Kilatini inayokuzwa na Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala hutumia alama kama apostrofi kuonyesha glotalisho. Sheria ya Lugha za Kitaifa ya Guatemala ya 2003 inakitambua Kikaqchikel miongoni mwa lugha za kitaifa za Kimaya na kuunga mkono matumizi yake ya umma. Historia ya kikoloni iitwayo kwa kawaida Annals of the Kaqchikels ni maandishi muhimu, huku elimu ya lugha mbili, uchapishaji, muziki na mipango ya jamii ikisaidia urithishaji wa sasa licha ya shinikizo la Kihispania.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Kaqchikel
Maji
yaʼ
/jaʔ/
Moto
qʼaqʼ
/qʼaqʼ/
Jua
qʼij
/qʼix/
Mwezi
ikʼ
/ikʼ/
Nyota
chʼumil
/tʃʼumil/
Mama
teʼ
/teʔ/
Baba
tataʼ
/tataʔ/
Mimi
rïn
/rɨn/
Wewe
rat
/rat/
Jina
bʼiʼ
/ɓiʔ/
Jicho
bʼaqʼ wach
/ɓaqʼ watʃ/
Mkono
qʼaʼ
/qʼaʔ/
Moyo
k'u'x
/kʼuʔʃ/
Upendo
ajowabʼäl
/axowaɓəl/
Mti
cheʼ
/tʃeʔ/
Nyumba
jay
/xaj/
Mbwa
tzʼiʼ
/tsʼiʔ/
Paka
mes
/mes/
Kula
waʼin
/waʔin/
Kunywa
kumun
/kumun/
Moja
jun
/xun/
Mbili
kaʼiʼ
/kaʔiʔ/
Habari
utz iwäch
/uts iwætʃ/
Asante
matyox
/matjoʃ/
Nzuri
utz
/uts/
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Mayan (Quichean, Kaqchikelan) zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kaqchikel | Kʼiche | Kiuspanteko | Kipoqomchi | Qʼeqchi | Ixil | Kikanjobal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | yaʼ /jaʔ/ | jaʼ /xaʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ | aʼ /aʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ |
| Moto | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | qʼaaq /qʼaːq/ | xam /ʃam/ | tzaʼ /tsaʔ/ | qʼaʼ /qʼaʔ/ |
| Jua | qʼij /qʼix/ | qʼij /qʼix/ | qʼiij /qʼiːh/ | qʼij /qʼih/ | saqʼe /saqʼe/ | qʼii /qʼiː/ | kʼuʼ /kʼuʔ/ |
| Mwezi | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ik /ik/ | poo /poː/ | ich /itʃ/ | ixaw /iʃaw/ |
| Nyota | chʼumil /tʃʼumil/ | chʼumil /tʃʼumil/ | ch'umil /tʃʼumil/ | chʼumiil /tʃʼumiːl/ | chahim /tʃahim/ | chumiil /tʃumiːl/ | txʼumel /tʂʼumel/ |
| Mama | teʼ /teʔ/ | nan /nan/ | nan /nan/ | tuut /tuːt/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | mim /mim/ |
| Baba | tataʼ /tataʔ/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | ajaab /ahaːb/ | yuwaʼ /juwaʔ/ | baʼ /baʔ/ | mam /mam/ |
| Mimi | rïn /rɨn/ | in /in/ | in /in/ | hin /hin/ | laʼin /laʔin/ | in /in/ | ayin /ʔajin/ |
| Wewe | rat /rat/ | at /at/ | at /at/ | hat /hat/ | laʼat /laʔat/ | axh /aʃ/ | hach /hatʃ/ |
| Jina | bʼiʼ /ɓiʔ/ | bʼiʼ /ɓiʔ/ | b'ii /ɓiː/ | bʼih /ɓih/ | kʼabaʼ /kʼaɓaʔ/ | bʼii /ɓiː/ | bʼi /ɓi/ |
| Jicho | bʼaqʼ wach /ɓaqʼ watʃ/ | bʼaqʼwach /ɓaqʼwatʃ/ | wach /watʃ/ | nakʼ /nakʼ/ | xnaqʼ ru /ʃnaqʼ ru/ | vusal /vusal/ | sat /sat/ |
| Mkono | qʼaʼ /qʼaʔ/ | qʼabʼ /qʼaɓ/ | qʼab /qʼab/ | qʼab /qʼab/ | ruqʼ /ruqʼ/ | qʼabʼ /qʼaɓ/ | qʼab /qʼab/ |
| Moyo | k'u'x /kʼuʔʃ/ | animaʼ /animaʔ/ | kʼuʼx /kʼuʔʃ/ | kʼuxl /kʼuʃl/ | chʼoolej /tʃʼoːlej/ | vatzʼ /vatsʼ/ | kʼulul /kʼulul/ |
| Upendo | ajowabʼäl /axowaɓəl/ | loqʼoj /loqʼox/ | lóqʼ /lóqʼ/ | rahaal /rahaːl/ | rahok /rahok/ | kuxhewchʼa /kuʃewtʃʼa/ | kamkʼulal /kamkʼulal/ |
| Mti | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheeʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | tze /tse/ | teʼ /teʔ/ |
| Nyumba | jay /xaj/ | ja /xa/ | jaa /haː/ | paat /paːt/ | ochoch /otʃotʃ/ | kabʼal /kaɓal/ | na /na/ |
| Mbwa | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | txʼiʼ /tʃʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ |
| Paka | mes /mes/ | meʼs /meʔs/ | mis /mis/ | mees /meːs/ | mes /mes/ | mees /meːs/ | mes /mes/ |
| Kula | waʼin /waʔin/ | tijow /tixow/ | waʼ /waʔ/ | wai /wai/ | taawaʼ /tawaʔ/ | tzaʼbʼi /tsaʔɓi/ | lo /lo/ |
| Kunywa | kumun /kumun/ | ukʼaaj /ukʼaːh/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | uuk /uːk/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ucha /utʃa/ | uku /uku/ |
| Moja | jun /xun/ | jun /xun/ | jun /hun/ | jino /hino/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ |
| Mbili | kaʼiʼ /kaʔiʔ/ | kebʼ /keɓ/ | quiib' /kiːɓ/ | kiʼib /kiʔiɓ/ | wiibʼ /wiːɓ/ | kaʼvaʼl /kaʔʋaʔl/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ |
| Habari | utz iwäch /uts iwætʃ/ | saqarik /saqaɾik/ | saʼbʼal /saʔbal/ | ma chaa /ma tʃaː/ | ma saʼ laachʼool /ma sa laːtʃʼoːl/ | nimaʼla kuxhewchʼa /nimaʔla kuʃewtʃʼa/ | kawal /kawal/ |
| Asante | matyox /matjoʃ/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | tioxlaab /tjoʃlaːb/ | bantyox /bantjoʃ/ | tantixh /tantiʃ/ | yuhwal /juhwal/ |
| Nzuri | utz /uts/ | utz /uts/ | utz /uts/ | saqʼwach /saqʼwatʃ/ | us /us/ | utzʼ /utsʼ/ | watxʼ /watʃʼ/ |
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