Kisukuma
familia ya Atlantiki-Kongo (tawi la Kibantu, kundi la Sukuma-Nyamwezi)
Kisukuma ni lugha kubwa zaidi moja ya Kibantu nchini Tanzania kwa wazungumzaji wa lugha ya kwanza, ikiwa na wazungumzaji ~5M wanaopatikana zaidi katika eneo la Ziwa Victoria — mikoa ya Mwanza, Shinyanga, Tabora, Geita na Simiyu. Wasukuma ndio kabila kubwa zaidi nchini Tanzania, takriban 16% ya idadi ya watu wa taifa. Lugha hii ina toni (tofauti ya juu-chini kwenye mizizi na viashiria vya wakati-hali) na upatanisho wa ngeli za nomino za Kibantu (~ngeli 18); ina uhusiano wa karibu na Kinyamwezi (nym), ambapo huunda mwendelezo wa lahaja, na huainishwa pamoja kama Kanda ya Kibantu F21. Licha ya jamii kubwa ya wazungumzaji, Kiswahili (sw) hutawala elimu, vyombo vya habari na serikali kote Tanzania, na Kisukuma kina mapokeo ya maandishi na uwepo wa vyombo vya habari ulio finyu.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Kisukuma
Maji
minzi
/minzi/
Moto
moto
/moto/
Jua
ilyuva
/iʎuβa/
Mwezi
ng'wezi
/ŋweːzi/
Nyota
nyenyeezi
/ɲeˈɲeːzi/
Mama
mayu
/maju/
Baba
baba
/baba/
Mimi
nene
/ˈnene/
Wewe
gwegwe
/ˈɡweɡwe/
Jina
lina
/ˈlina/
Jicho
liso
/liso/
Mkono
nkhono
/ŋkono/
Moyo
ngholo
/ŋɡoːlo/
Upendo
butogwa
/butoɡwa/
Mti
mti
/mti/
Nyumba
kaya
/kaja/
Mbwa
mbwa
/mbwa/
Paka
kalulu
/kalulu/
Kula
kulya
/kuʎa/
Kunywa
kunywa
/kuɲwa/
Moja
imo
/imo/
Mbili
ibhili
/iˈβili/
Habari
mwangaluka
/mwaŋɡaluka/
Asante
nakulumba
/nakulumba/
Nzuri
shihi
/ʃihi/
Vyanzo
- Glottolog: Sukuma
- Ethnologue: suk
- Maganga & Schadeberg (1992) Kanuri Comparative Lexicon (Sukuma section)
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Atlantic-Congo (Bantu, Sukuma-Nyamwezi) zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kisukuma | Kinyamwezi | Kishambaa | Kisangu | Kimakonde | Kinyaturu | Kichasu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | minzi /minzi/ | minzi /minzi/ | mazi /mazi/ | ameenzi /ameːnzi/ | mashi /maʃi/ | maazi /maːzi/ | mende /mende/ |
| Moto | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | umoto /umoto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | mshika /mʃika/ |
| Jua | ilyuva /iʎuβa/ | izuba /izuβa/ | zuwa /zuwa/ | liluga /liluɡa/ | lyuva /ʎuβa/ | nzua /nzua/ | idhuva /iðuʋa/ |
| Mwezi | ng'wezi /ŋweːzi/ | ng'wezi /ŋweːzi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | umwesi /umwesi/ | mwedi /mwedi/ | umweri /umweɾi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ |
| Nyota | nyenyeezi /ɲeˈɲeːzi/ | nyenyeezi /ɲeˈɲeːzi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | ntondwa /ntondwa/ | nyeenyeeri /ɲeːɲeːri/ | nyenyeri /ɲeɲeri/ |
| Mama | mayu /maju/ | mayu /majʊ/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ |
| Baba | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | tata /tata/ | baba /baba/ |
| Mimi | nene /ˈnene/ | nene /ˈnene/ | niye /nije/ | une /une/ | une /une/ | une /une/ | mine /mine/ |
| Wewe | gwegwe /ˈɡweɡwe/ | gwegwe /ˈɡweɡwe/ | weye /weje/ | uwe /uwe/ | uve /uve/ | uwe /uwe/ | uwe /uwe/ |
| Jina | lina /ˈlina/ | lina /ˈlina/ | izina /izina/ | litawa /litawa/ | lina /lina/ | izina /izina/ | izina /izina/ |
| Jicho | liso /liso/ | liso /liso/ | izo /izo/ | iliho /iliho/ | liso /liso/ | iriiso /iɾiːso/ | iiso /iːso/ |
| Mkono | nkhono /ŋkono/ | ikobo /ikoβo/ | ukono /ukono/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | nkono /nkono/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | mkono /mkono/ |
| Moyo | ngholo /ŋɡoːlo/ | mtima /mtima/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | umutima /umutima/ | mtima /mtima/ | umutima /umutima/ | ngiti /ŋɡiti/ |
| Upendo | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | kwenda /kwenda/ | ulungu /uluŋɡu/ | kupenda /kupenda/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | lumba /lumba/ |
| Mti | mti /mti/ | mti /mti/ | mti /mti/ | umuti /umuti/ | mti /mti/ | umuti /umuti/ | mti /mti/ |
| Nyumba | kaya /kaja/ | kaya /kaja/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | inyumba /iɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ |
| Mbwa | mbwa /mbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | nshenye /nʃeɲe/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ |
| Paka | kalulu /kalulu/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ |
| Kula | kulya /kuʎa/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kuya /kuja/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kuria /kuɾia/ | kurya /kuɾja/ |
| Kunywa | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kukumbila /kukumbila/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ |
| Moja | imo /imo/ | imo /imo/ | imo /imo/ | imo /imo/ | nimo /nimo/ | umwe /umwe/ | imwe /imwe/ |
| Mbili | ibhili /iˈβili/ | ibili /iβili/ | mbili /mbili/ | avili /aβili/ | vavili /vaʋili/ | aviri /aβiri/ | avili /aβili/ |
| Habari | mwangaluka /mwaŋɡaluka/ | mwadita /mwadita/ | nashukuru /naʃukuɾu/ | mbasala /mbasala/ | nakushukuru /nakuʃukuɾu/ | mbukire /mbukiɾe/ | shiloi /ʃiloi/ |
| Asante | nakulumba /nakulumba/ | twabakaba /twaβakaβa/ | asante /asante/ | nashukulu /naʃukulu/ | nashukuru /naʃukuɾu/ | asante /aˈsante/ | mwasanga /mwasaŋɡa/ |
| Nzuri | shihi /ʃihi/ | lihi /lihi/ | hedi /hedi/ | kwifwa /kwifwa/ | shibwana /ʃibwana/ | kihi /kihi/ | mwamba /mwamba/ |
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