Te Reo Pukapuka
Kipukapuka
Kiaustronesia (Polynesian, Kisamoa-Pembeni)
Kipukapuka (Te Reo Pukapuka), kinachozungumzwa na watu wapatao 2,000 katika kisiwa cha matumbawe cha Pukapuka kilichotengwa kaskazini mwa Visiwa vya Cook na katika Nassau iliyo karibu, ni mojawapo ya lugha za Kipolinesia zinazozozaniwa zaidi kijenetiki: kwa kawaida hupangwa kama lugha ya Kisamoa-Pembeni lakini inaonyesha sifa za Kipolinesia cha Mashariki na huenda sifa za substrata ya Kitokelau, matokeo ya uhamiaji wa mawimbi kabla ya mawasiliano katika Bahari ya Pasifiki ya kati. Ina fonolojia ya kawaida ya Kipolinesia yenye urefu wa vokali wa kifonimu na kituo cha glota, lakini inatofautiana kimsamiati vya kutosha na Kimaori cha Visiwa vya Cook (rar) hivi kwamba lugha hizo mbili hazieleweki baina yao. Jamii ni ndogo lakini hai kiisimu, ikiwa na kazi ya tahajia inayoendelea tangu miaka ya 1990.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Kipukapuka
Maji
wai
/wai/
Moto
awi
/ˈawi/
Jua
la
/la/
Mwezi
malama
/maˈlama/
Nyota
wetū
/wetuː/
Mama
mama
/ˈmama/
Baba
matua
/maˈtua/
Mimi
au
/au/
Wewe
koe
/koe/
Jina
ingoa
/iŋoa/
Jicho
mata
/ˈmata/
Mkono
lima
/ˈlima/
Moyo
loto
/ˈloto/
Upendo
aloa
/aˈloa/
Mti
lākau
/laːˈkau/
Nyumba
wale
/ˈwale/
Mbwa
kulī
/kuˈliː/
Paka
pusi
/ˈpusi/
Kula
kai
/kai/
Kunywa
inu
/ˈinu/
Moja
tayi
/ˈtaji/
Mbili
lua
/lua/
Habari
kia orana
/kia oˈɾana/
Asante
meitaki
/meiˈtaki/
Nzuri
lelei
/leˈlei/
Vyanzo
- Salisbury, Mary C. (2002) A Grammar of Pukapukan. PhD thesis, University of Auckland.
- Beaglehole, Ernest & Pearl (1938) Ethnology of Pukapuka. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 150.
- Teingoa Kaina et al. (1993) Pukapukan-English Dictionary. Pukapuka Dictionary Project.
- Glottolog: Pukapukan
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Austronesian (Polynesian, Samoic-Outlier) zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kipukapuka | Kiwallis | Kifutuna cha Mashariki | Kitokelau | Kituvalu | Kisamoa | Kitonga |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | wai /wai/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ |
| Moto | awi /ˈawi/ | afi /aˈfi/ | afi /ˈafi/ | afi /afi/ | afi /afi/ | afi /afi/ | afi /afi/ |
| Jua | la /la/ | laʻā /laˈʔaː/ | la'ā /laˈʔaː/ | la /la/ | laa /laː/ | lā /laː/ | laʻā /laʔaː/ |
| Mwezi | malama /maˈlama/ | māhina /maːˈhina/ | māsina /maːˈsina/ | malama /malama/ | masina /masina/ | māsina /maːsina/ | māhina /maːhina/ |
| Nyota | wetū /wetuː/ | fetuʻu /fetuʔu/ | fetu'u /feˈtuʔu/ | fetu /fetu/ | fetū /feˈtuː/ | fetū /fetuː/ | fetuʻu /fetuʔu/ |
| Mama | mama /ˈmama/ | faʻē /faˈʔeː/ | tinana /tiˈnana/ | mātua /maːtua/ | maatua /maːtua/ | tinā /tinaː/ | faʻē /faʔeː/ |
| Baba | matua /maˈtua/ | tāmai /taːˈmai/ | tamana /taˈmana/ | tamana /tamana/ | tamana /tamana/ | tamā /tamaː/ | tamai /tamai/ |
| Mimi | au /au/ | au /au/ | au /au/ | au /au/ | au /au/ | a'u /aʔu/ | au /au/ |
| Wewe | koe /koe/ | koe /koe/ | koe /ˈkoe/ | koe /koe/ | koe /koe/ | 'oe /ʔoe/ | koe /koe/ |
| Jina | ingoa /iŋoa/ | higoa /hiŋoa/ | igoa /iˈŋoa/ | igoa /iŋoa/ | igoa /iˈŋoa/ | igoa /iŋoa/ | hingoa /hiŋoa/ |
| Jicho | mata /ˈmata/ | mata /ˈmata/ | mata /ˈmata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Mkono | lima /ˈlima/ | nima /ˈnima/ | lima /ˈlima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | nima /nima/ |
| Moyo | loto /ˈloto/ | mafu /ˈmafu/ | mafu /ˈmafu/ | fatu /fatu/ | fatu /fatu/ | loto /loto/ | loto /loto/ |
| Upendo | aloa /aˈloa/ | ʻofa /ˈʔofa/ | alofa /aˈlofa/ | alofa /alofa/ | alofa /alofa/ | alofa /alofa/ | ʻofa /ʔofa/ |
| Mti | lākau /laːˈkau/ | ʻakau /ʔaˈkau/ | la'akau /laʔaˈkau/ | lakau /lakau/ | laakau /laːkau/ | laʻau /laʔau/ | ʻakau /ʔakau/ |
| Nyumba | wale /ˈwale/ | fale /ˈfale/ | fale /ˈfale/ | fale /fale/ | fale /fale/ | fale /fale/ | fale /fale/ |
| Mbwa | kulī /kuˈliː/ | kulī /kuˈliː/ | kulī /kuˈliː/ | kuli /kuli/ | kuli /kuli/ | maile /maile/ | kulī /kuliː/ |
| Paka | pusi /ˈpusi/ | pusi /ˈpusi/ | pūsi /ˈpuːsi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ |
| Kula | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | ʻai /ʔai/ | kai /kai/ |
| Kunywa | inu /ˈinu/ | inu /ˈinu/ | inu /ˈinu/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ |
| Moja | tayi /ˈtaji/ | tahi /ˈtahi/ | tasi /ˈtasi/ | tahi /tahi/ | tasi /tasi/ | tasi /tasi/ | taha /taha/ |
| Mbili | lua /lua/ | lua /lua/ | lua /ˈlua/ | lua /lua/ | lua /ˈlua/ | lua /lua/ | ua /ua/ |
| Habari | kia orana /kia oˈɾana/ | mālō te maʻuli /maːloː te maˈʔuli/ | mālō /maːˈloː/ | malo ni /malo ni/ | taalofa /taːlofa/ | talofa /talofa/ | mālō e lelei /maːloː e lelei/ |
| Asante | meitaki /meiˈtaki/ | mālō /maːˈloː/ | mālō /maːˈloː/ | fakafetai /fakafetai/ | fakafetai /fakafetai/ | faʻafetai /faʔafetai/ | mālō /maːloː/ |
| Nzuri | lelei /leˈlei/ | lelei /leˈlei/ | mālie /maːˈlie/ | lelei /lelei/ | lei /lei/ | lelei /lelei/ | lelei /lelei/ |
Sehemu ya LangMap — mradi wa kuonyesha lugha kwa picha. Huu ni muhtasari tuli unaoweza kutambaliwa; ramani shirikishi hutoa sauti ya matamshi, vichujio, na mwonekano wa dunia.