Qyool Mam
Kimam
Kimaya (Mamean, Greater Mamean)
Kimam ni lugha ya nne kwa ukubwa katika familia ya lugha za Kimaya kwa idadi ya wazungumzaji, baada ya Kiki'che', Kiq'eqchi' na Kiyucatec; huzungumzwa na watu wapatao 530,000 katika nyanda za juu za magharibi mwa Guatemala (Huehuetenango, San Marcos, Quetzaltenango) na ng'ambo ya mpaka wa Mexico huko Chiapas. Ni ya tawi la Kimaya la Mashariki (Mamean Kubwa), na ni ndugu wa Kiawakatek na Kiixil. Fonolojia yake ni ya kihafidhina sana, ikihifadhi utofautishaji nadra wa kiuvula /q/–/q'/ na mfululizo wa sauti za mlipuko (ejectives). Mofolojia yake ya vitenzi ina alama za ergative-absolutive pamoja na uergativu uliogawanyika katika hali isiyokamilika. Ina hati sanifu ya Kilatini (1987, Acuerdos de la Paz).
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Kimam
Maji
aʼ
/aʔ/
Moto
qʼaqʼ
/qʼaqʼ/
Jua
qʼij
/qʼih/
Mwezi
xjaw
/ʃaw/
Nyota
cheʼw
/tʃeʔw/
Mama
nan
/nan/
Baba
mam
/mam/
Mimi
aqiin
/aˈqiːn/
Wewe
aya
/aˈja/
Jina
biʼ
/ɓiʔ/
Jicho
witz
/wits/
Mkono
qʼobʼ
/qʼoɓ/
Moyo
anma
/anma/
Upendo
oqxan
/oqʃan/
Mti
tzeʼ
/tseʔ/
Nyumba
jaa
/haː/
Mbwa
txʼyan
/tʃʼjan/
Paka
wiix
/wiːʃ/
Kula
waan
/waːn/
Kunywa
kʼaan
/kʼaːn/
Moja
jun
/hun/
Mbili
kabʼe
/ˈkaɓeʔ/
Habari
chjonte tey
/tʃhonte tej/
Asante
chjonte
/tʃhonte/
Nzuri
banix
/baniʃ/
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Mayan (Mamean, Greater Mamean) zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kimam | Kiaguacateco | Kʼiche | Kiuspanteko | Kitojolabal | Kikanjobal | Ixil |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | aʼ /aʔ/ | aʼ /aʔ/ | jaʼ /xaʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ | aʼ /aʔ/ |
| Moto | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | qʼaq /qʼaq/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | qʼaʼ /qʼaʔ/ | tzaʼ /tsaʔ/ |
| Jua | qʼij /qʼih/ | qʼijl /qʼihl/ | qʼij /qʼix/ | qʼiij /qʼiːh/ | kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/ | kʼuʼ /kʼuʔ/ | qʼii /qʼiː/ |
| Mwezi | xjaw /ʃaw/ | xahaw /ʃahaw/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ixaw /iʃaw/ | ixaw /iʃaw/ | ich /itʃ/ |
| Nyota | cheʼw /tʃeʔw/ | chumeʼl /tʃumeʔl/ | chʼumil /tʃʼumil/ | ch'umil /tʃʼumil/ | kʼanal /kʼanal/ | txʼumel /tʂʼumel/ | chumiil /tʃumiːl/ |
| Mama | nan /nan/ | naa /naː/ | nan /nan/ | nan /nan/ | nan /nan/ | mim /mim/ | naʼ /naʔ/ |
| Baba | mam /mam/ | mam /mam/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | mam /mam/ | baʼ /baʔ/ |
| Mimi | aqiin /aˈqiːn/ | in /in/ | in /in/ | in /in/ | keʼn /keʔn/ | ayin /ʔajin/ | in /in/ |
| Wewe | aya /aˈja/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | at /at/ | at /at/ | weʼn /weʔn/ | hach /hatʃ/ | axh /aʃ/ |
| Jina | biʼ /ɓiʔ/ | bʼiʼ /ɓiʔ/ | bʼiʼ /ɓiʔ/ | b'ii /ɓiː/ | bʼiʼil /ɓiʔil/ | bʼi /ɓi/ | bʼii /ɓiː/ |
| Jicho | witz /wits/ | witzʼ /witsʼ/ | bʼaqʼwach /ɓaqʼwatʃ/ | wach /watʃ/ | satej /sateh/ | sat /sat/ | vusal /vusal/ |
| Mkono | qʼobʼ /qʼoɓ/ | qʼab /qʼab/ | qʼabʼ /qʼaɓ/ | qʼab /qʼab/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | qʼab /qʼab/ | qʼabʼ /qʼaɓ/ |
| Moyo | anma /anma/ | kʼuum /kʼuːm/ | animaʼ /animaʔ/ | kʼuʼx /kʼuʔʃ/ | altzil /altsil/ | kʼulul /kʼulul/ | vatzʼ /vatsʼ/ |
| Upendo | oqxan /oqʃan/ | xajan /ʃahan/ | loqʼoj /loqʼox/ | lóqʼ /lóqʼ/ | skʼana /skʼana/ | kamkʼulal /kamkʼulal/ | kuxhewchʼa /kuʃewtʃʼa/ |
| Mti | tzeʼ /tseʔ/ | tzeʼ /tseʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | tze /tse/ |
| Nyumba | jaa /haː/ | nya /ɲa/ | ja /xa/ | jaa /haː/ | naj /nah/ | na /na/ | kabʼal /kaɓal/ |
| Mbwa | txʼyan /tʃʼjan/ | txʼiʼ /tʃʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | txʼiʼ /tʃʼiʔ/ |
| Paka | wiix /wiːʃ/ | mis /mis/ | meʼs /meʔs/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | mes /mes/ | mees /meːs/ |
| Kula | waan /waːn/ | wii /wiː/ | tijow /tixow/ | waʼ /waʔ/ | waʼel /waʔel/ | lo /lo/ | tzaʼbʼi /tsaʔɓi/ |
| Kunywa | kʼaan /kʼaːn/ | uuk /uːk/ | ukʼaaj /ukʼaːh/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | uku /uku/ | ucha /utʃa/ |
| Moja | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /xun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ |
| Mbili | kabʼe /ˈkaɓeʔ/ | kaʼwutz /kaʔwuts/ | kebʼ /keɓ/ | quiib' /kiːɓ/ | chabʼ /tʃaɓ/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ | kaʼvaʼl /kaʔʋaʔl/ |
| Habari | chjonte tey /tʃhonte tej/ | kʼamta /kʼamta/ | saqarik /saqaɾik/ | saʼbʼal /saʔbal/ | lekilukʼ /lekilukʼ/ | kawal /kawal/ | nimaʼla kuxhewchʼa /nimaʔla kuʃewtʃʼa/ |
| Asante | chjonte /tʃhonte/ | tixwajʼ /tiʃwahʼ/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | yuj /juh/ | yuhwal /juhwal/ | tantixh /tantiʃ/ |
| Nzuri | banix /baniʃ/ | saqʼ /saqʼ/ | utz /uts/ | utz /uts/ | lek /lek/ | watxʼ /watʃʼ/ | utzʼ /utsʼ/ |
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