Ixil
Mayan (Mamean, Greater Mamean — Ixilan)
Ixil is a Mamean Mayan language of the Cuchumatanes mountains in northwestern Guatemala, spoken in the three towns Nebaj, Chajul, and San Juan Cotzal known as the "Ixil Triangle". The Ixil people were among the most heavily targeted communities during the Guatemalan Civil War (1960-1996); approximately 8% of the Ixil population were killed during the early-1980s genocide under General Ríos Montt — convicted of genocide against the Ixil in 2013 (verdict overturned but conviction historically affirmed). Three principal varieties: Nebaj (most documented), Chajul, and Cotzal. Ergative-absolutive alignment, complex aspectual verb morphology.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 20 ya msingi katika Ixil
Maji
aʼ
/aʔ/
Moto
tzaʼ
/tsaʔ/
Jua
qʼii
/qʼiː/
Mwezi
ich
/itʃ/
Mama
naʼ
/naʔ/
Baba
baʼ
/baʔ/
Kula
tzaʼbʼi
/tsaʔɓi/
Kunywa
ucha
/utʃa/
Upendo
kuxhewchʼa
/kuʃewtʃʼa/
Moyo
vatzʼ
/vatsʼ/
Mti
tze
/tse/
Nyumba
kabʼal
/kaɓal/
Mbwa
txʼiʼ
/tʃʼiʔ/
Paka
mees
/meːs/
Mkono
qʼabʼ
/qʼaɓ/
Jicho
vusal
/vusal/
Habari
nimaʼla kuxhewchʼa
/nimaʔla kuʃewtʃʼa/
Asante
tantixh
/tantiʃ/
Moja
jun
/hun/
Nzuri
utzʼ
/utsʼ/
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Mayan (Mamean, Greater Mamean — Ixilan) zinazohusiana
| Maana | Ixil | Kiuspanteko | Kʼiche | Kaqchikel | Kiaguacateco | Qʼeqchi | Kimam |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | aʼ /aʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /xaʔ/ | yaʼ /jaʔ/ | aʼ /aʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ | aʼ /aʔ/ |
| Moto | tzaʼ /tsaʔ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | qʼaq /qʼaq/ | xam /ʃam/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ |
| Jua | qʼii /qʼiː/ | qʼiij /qʼiːh/ | qʼij /qʼix/ | qʼij /qʼix/ | qʼijl /qʼihl/ | saqʼe /saqʼe/ | qʼij /qʼih/ |
| Mwezi | ich /itʃ/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | xahaw /ʃahaw/ | poo /poː/ | xjaw /ʃaw/ |
| Mama | naʼ /naʔ/ | nan /nan/ | nan /nan/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | naa /naː/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | nan /nan/ |
| Baba | baʼ /baʔ/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | tataʼ /tataʔ/ | mam /mam/ | yuwaʼ /juwaʔ/ | mam /mam/ |
| Kula | tzaʼbʼi /tsaʔɓi/ | waʼ /waʔ/ | tijow /tixow/ | waʼin /waʔin/ | wii /wiː/ | taawaʼ /tawaʔ/ | waan /waːn/ |
| Kunywa | ucha /utʃa/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼaaj /ukʼaːh/ | kumun /kumun/ | uuk /uːk/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | kʼaan /kʼaːn/ |
| Upendo | kuxhewchʼa /kuʃewtʃʼa/ | lóqʼ /lóqʼ/ | loqʼoj /loqʼoh/ | ajowabʼäl /axowaɓəl/ | xajan /ʃahan/ | rahok /rahok/ | oqxan /oqʃan/ |
| Moyo | vatzʼ /vatsʼ/ | kʼuʼx /kʼuʔʃ/ | animaʼ /animaʔ/ | anima /anima/ | kʼuum /kʼuːm/ | chʼoolej /tʃʼoːlej/ | anma /anma/ |
| Mti | tze /tse/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | tzeʼ /tseʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | tzeʼ /tseʔ/ |
| Nyumba | kabʼal /kaɓal/ | jaa /haː/ | ja /xa/ | jay /xaj/ | nya /ɲa/ | ochoch /otʃotʃ/ | jaa /haː/ |
| Mbwa | txʼiʼ /tʃʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | txʼiʼ /tʃʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | txʼyan /tʃʼjan/ |
| Paka | mees /meːs/ | mis /mis/ | meʼs /meʔs/ | mes /mes/ | mis /mis/ | mes /mes/ | wiix /wiːʃ/ |
| Mkono | qʼabʼ /qʼaɓ/ | qʼab /qʼab/ | qʼabʼ /qʼaɓ/ | qʼaʼ /qʼaʔ/ | qʼab /qʼab/ | ruqʼ /ruqʼ/ | qʼobʼ /qʼoɓ/ |
| Jicho | vusal /vusal/ | wach /watʃ/ | bʼaqʼwach /ɓaqʼwatʃ/ | bʼaqʼ wach /ɓaqʼ watʃ/ | witzʼ /witsʼ/ | xnaqʼ ru /ʃnaqʼ ru/ | witz /wits/ |
| Habari | nimaʼla kuxhewchʼa /nimaʔla kuʃewtʃʼa/ | saʼbʼal /saʔbal/ | saqarik /saqaɾik/ | utz iwäch /uts iwætʃ/ | kʼamta /kʼamta/ | ma saʼ laachʼool /ma sa laːtʃʼoːl/ | chjonte tey /tʃhonte tej/ |
| Asante | tantixh /tantiʃ/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | matyox /matjoʃ/ | tixwajʼ /tiʃwahʼ/ | bantyox /bantjoʃ/ | chjonte /tʃhonte/ |
| Moja | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /xun/ | jun /xun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ |
| Nzuri | utzʼ /utsʼ/ | utz /uts/ | utz /uts/ | utz /uts/ | saqʼ /saqʼ/ | us /us/ | banix /baniʃ/ |
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