Ixil
Familia ya Kimaya (Mam, Mam Kuu — Ixil)
Ixil ni lugha ya Kimaya ya tawi la Kimam, inayozungumzwa katika milima ya Cuchumatanes kaskazini-magharibi mwa Guatemala, katika miji mitatu ya Nebaj, Chajul na San Juan Cotzal inayojulikana kama "Pembetatu ya Ixil". Wa-Ixil walikuwa miongoni mwa jamii zilizolengwa vikali zaidi wakati wa Vita vya Wenyewe kwa Wenyewe vya Guatemala (1960–1996); takriban asilimia 5.5 ya watu wa Ixil waliuawa wakati wa mauaji ya kimbari ya mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1980 chini ya Jenerali Ríos Montt — aliyehukumiwa mwaka 2013 kwa mauaji ya kimbari dhidi ya Wa-Ixil (hukumu ilitenguliwa lakini kutiwa hatiani kwake kumethibitishwa kihistoria). Lahaja tatu kuu: Nebaj (iliyorekodiwa zaidi), Chajul na Cotzal. Ina mpangilio wa ergative-absolutive na mofolojia tata ya vitenzi vya kimaelekeo.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Ixil
Maji
aʼ
/aʔ/
Moto
tzaʼ
/tsaʔ/
Jua
qʼii
/qʼiː/
Mwezi
ich
/itʃ/
Nyota
chumiil
/tʃumiːl/
Mama
naʼ
/naʔ/
Baba
baʼ
/baʔ/
Mimi
in
/in/
Wewe
axh
/aʃ/
Jina
bʼii
/ɓiː/
Jicho
vusal
/vusal/
Mkono
qʼabʼ
/qʼaɓ/
Moyo
vatzʼ
/vatsʼ/
Upendo
kuxhewchʼa
/kuʃewtʃʼa/
Mti
tze
/tse/
Nyumba
kabʼal
/kaɓal/
Mbwa
txʼiʼ
/tʃʼiʔ/
Paka
mees
/meːs/
Kula
tzaʼbʼi
/tsaʔɓi/
Kunywa
ucha
/utʃa/
Moja
jun
/hun/
Mbili
kaʼvaʼl
/kaʔʋaʔl/
Habari
nimaʼla kuxhewchʼa
/nimaʔla kuʃewtʃʼa/
Asante
tantixh
/tantiʃ/
Nzuri
utzʼ
/utsʼ/
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Mayan (Mamean, Greater Mamean — Ixilan) zinazohusiana
| Maana | Ixil | Kiuspanteko | Kʼiche | Kiaguacateco | Kaqchikel | Qʼeqchi | Kikanjobal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | aʼ /aʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /xaʔ/ | aʼ /aʔ/ | yaʼ /jaʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ |
| Moto | tzaʼ /tsaʔ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | qʼaq /qʼaq/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | xam /ʃam/ | qʼaʼ /qʼaʔ/ |
| Jua | qʼii /qʼiː/ | qʼiij /qʼiːh/ | qʼij /qʼix/ | qʼijl /qʼihl/ | qʼij /qʼix/ | saqʼe /saqʼe/ | kʼuʼ /kʼuʔ/ |
| Mwezi | ich /itʃ/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | xahaw /ʃahaw/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | poo /poː/ | ixaw /iʃaw/ |
| Nyota | chumiil /tʃumiːl/ | ch'umil /tʃʼumil/ | chʼumil /tʃʼumil/ | chumeʼl /tʃumeʔl/ | chʼumil /tʃʼumil/ | chahim /tʃahim/ | txʼumel /tʂʼumel/ |
| Mama | naʼ /naʔ/ | nan /nan/ | nan /nan/ | naa /naː/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | mim /mim/ |
| Baba | baʼ /baʔ/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | mam /mam/ | tataʼ /tataʔ/ | yuwaʼ /juwaʔ/ | mam /mam/ |
| Mimi | in /in/ | in /in/ | in /in/ | in /in/ | rïn /rɨn/ | laʼin /laʔin/ | ayin /ʔajin/ |
| Wewe | axh /aʃ/ | at /at/ | at /at/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | rat /rat/ | laʼat /laʔat/ | hach /hatʃ/ |
| Jina | bʼii /ɓiː/ | b'ii /ɓiː/ | bʼiʼ /ɓiʔ/ | bʼiʼ /ɓiʔ/ | bʼiʼ /ɓiʔ/ | kʼabaʼ /kʼaɓaʔ/ | bʼi /ɓi/ |
| Jicho | vusal /vusal/ | wach /watʃ/ | bʼaqʼwach /ɓaqʼwatʃ/ | witzʼ /witsʼ/ | bʼaqʼ wach /ɓaqʼ watʃ/ | xnaqʼ ru /ʃnaqʼ ru/ | sat /sat/ |
| Mkono | qʼabʼ /qʼaɓ/ | qʼab /qʼab/ | qʼabʼ /qʼaɓ/ | qʼab /qʼab/ | qʼaʼ /qʼaʔ/ | ruqʼ /ruqʼ/ | qʼab /qʼab/ |
| Moyo | vatzʼ /vatsʼ/ | kʼuʼx /kʼuʔʃ/ | animaʼ /animaʔ/ | kʼuum /kʼuːm/ | k'u'x /kʼuʔʃ/ | chʼoolej /tʃʼoːlej/ | kʼulul /kʼulul/ |
| Upendo | kuxhewchʼa /kuʃewtʃʼa/ | lóqʼ /lóqʼ/ | loqʼoj /loqʼox/ | xajan /ʃahan/ | ajowabʼäl /axowaɓəl/ | rahok /rahok/ | kamkʼulal /kamkʼulal/ |
| Mti | tze /tse/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | tzeʼ /tseʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ |
| Nyumba | kabʼal /kaɓal/ | jaa /haː/ | ja /xa/ | nya /ɲa/ | jay /xaj/ | ochoch /otʃotʃ/ | na /na/ |
| Mbwa | txʼiʼ /tʃʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | txʼiʼ /tʃʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ |
| Paka | mees /meːs/ | mis /mis/ | meʼs /meʔs/ | mis /mis/ | mes /mes/ | mes /mes/ | mes /mes/ |
| Kula | tzaʼbʼi /tsaʔɓi/ | waʼ /waʔ/ | tijow /tixow/ | wii /wiː/ | waʼin /waʔin/ | taawaʼ /tawaʔ/ | lo /lo/ |
| Kunywa | ucha /utʃa/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼaaj /ukʼaːh/ | uuk /uːk/ | kumun /kumun/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | uku /uku/ |
| Moja | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /xun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /xun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ |
| Mbili | kaʼvaʼl /kaʔʋaʔl/ | quiib' /kiːɓ/ | kebʼ /keɓ/ | kaʼwutz /kaʔwuts/ | kaʼiʼ /kaʔiʔ/ | wiibʼ /wiːɓ/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ |
| Habari | nimaʼla kuxhewchʼa /nimaʔla kuʃewtʃʼa/ | saʼbʼal /saʔbal/ | saqarik /saqaɾik/ | kʼamta /kʼamta/ | utz iwäch /uts iwætʃ/ | ma saʼ laachʼool /ma sa laːtʃʼoːl/ | kawal /kawal/ |
| Asante | tantixh /tantiʃ/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | tixwajʼ /tiʃwahʼ/ | matyox /matjoʃ/ | bantyox /bantjoʃ/ | yuhwal /juhwal/ |
| Nzuri | utzʼ /utsʼ/ | utz /uts/ | utz /uts/ | saqʼ /saqʼ/ | utz /uts/ | us /us/ | watxʼ /watʃʼ/ |
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