!Ora
Kikorana
Khoe-Kwadi (Kikhoekhoe)
Korana (!Ora) ni lugha ya Khoekhoe iliyo hatarini kutoweka kabisa katika Rasi ya Kaskazini, ambayo zamani ilizungumzwa na koo za wafugaji wa ng'ombe kando ya mito ya Orange na Vaal. Kama lugha dada yake Nama, hutumia aina nne za milio ya kubonyeza (clicks) na ina viambishi-tegemezi (clitics) vya nafsi-jinsia-idadi (PGN) vilivyowekewa alama ya jinsia, lakini huhifadhi msamiati wa kale wa Khoekhoe uliopotea katika Nama ya kisasa. Ni wazee wachache tu wanaoikumbuka waliosalia.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Kikorana
Maji
ǁammi
/ǁamːi/
Moto
ǀaeb
/ǀʔaeb/
Jua
sores
/sores/
Mwezi
ǁkhab
/ǁkʰab/
Nyota
ǀgami
/ǀʔami/
Mama
ʔẽs
/ʔẽs/
Baba
ǁnaob
/ǁnaob/
Mimi
tita
/titá/
Wewe
sats
/sats/
Jina
ǀons
/ǀons/
Jicho
mũb
/mũb/
Mkono
ǃumma
/ǃumːa/
Moyo
ǂaob
/ǂaob/
Upendo
ǀnam
/ǀnam/
Mti
hais
/haìs/
Nyumba
oms
/oms/
Mbwa
arib
/arib/
Paka
—
/—/
Kula
ǂʼũ
/ǂʼũ/
Kunywa
xʼā
/xʼaː/
Moja
ǀui
/ǀui/
Mbili
ǀgam
/ǀʔam/
Habari
—
/—/
Asante
—
/—/
Nzuri
ǃãĩ
/ǃãĩ/
Vyanzo
- Maingard, Louis F. (1962) Korana Folktales: Grammar and Texts. Witwatersrand University Press.
- Du Plessis, Menán (2018) Korana: An Outline of the Phonology and Grammar of an All-but-forgotten Khoekhoe Language. UCT Press, Cape Town.
- Du Plessis, Menán (2019) New Data Concerning the Khoekhoe Language Once Spoken by the Korana. South African Journal of African Languages 39(2).
- Glottolog: Korana
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Khoe-Kwadi (Khoekhoe) zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kikorana | Kinama (Khoekhoe) | Kitaa | Kiluvian | Proto-Tungus | Kituamotu | Kiavestiani |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | ǁammi /ǁamːi/ | ǁgam-i /ǁɡami/ | ǃqhàa /ǃqʰaː/ | wār /waːr/ | *mū /mū/ | vai /wai/ | 𐬁𐬞 /aːp/ |
| Moto | ǀaeb /ǀʔaeb/ | ǀae-s /ǀaes/ | ǀʼàã /ǀʼãː/ | — /—/ | *tawa /tawa/ | afi /afi/ | 𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 /aːtar/ |
| Jua | sores /sores/ | sores /soɾes/ | ǁʼân /ǁʼã/ | 𔖖𔓚 /ˈtiwad/ | *sigūn /sigūn/ | ra /ra/ | 𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆 /huwarə/ |
| Mwezi | ǁkhab /ǁkʰab/ | ǁkhâb /ǁkʰãːb/ | ǃqhàn /ǃqʰã/ | 𔓜𔒄𔗦 /ˈarmas/ | *bēga /bēga/ | marama /marama/ | 𐬨𐬁𐬵 /maːh/ |
| Nyota | ǀgami /ǀʔami/ | ǀgamiros /ǀɡamiros/ | ǃqʰái /ǃqʰái/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | fetū /feˈtuː/ | 𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬭 /star/ |
| Mama | ʔẽs /ʔẽs/ | ǁgûs /ǁɡũːs/ | qáe /qae/ | anni- /ˈanni/ | *eńi /eńi/ | metua vahine /metua vahine/ | 𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 /maːtar/ |
| Baba | ǁnaob /ǁnaob/ | ǁgûb /ǁɡũːb/ | a̰a /a̰a/ | 𔐞𔑣𔓯𔗔 /ˈtadis/ | *ama /ama/ | metua tane /metua tane/ | 𐬞𐬌𐬙𐬀𐬭 /pitar/ |
| Mimi | tita /titá/ | tita /titá/ | ń /ŋ̩/ | 𔐀 /ˈamu/ | *bi /bi/ | au /au/ | 𐬀𐬰𐬆𐬨 /azəm/ |
| Wewe | sats /sats/ | sats /sats/ | a /aː/ | tu /tu/ | *si /si/ | koe /koe/ | 𐬙𐬏𐬨 /tuːm/ |
| Jina | ǀons /ǀons/ | ǀons /ǀòns/ | ǀqʼûle /ǀʛûle/ | 𔐓𔓇𔒄𔖪 /ˈalamantsa/ | *gerbū /gerbū/ | ingoa /iˈŋoa/ | 𐬥𐬁𐬨𐬀𐬥 /naːman/ |
| Jicho | mũb /mũb/ | mûs /mũːs/ | ǃʼûĩ /ǃʼũĩ/ | tawi- /ˈtawi/ | *ńāsa /ńāsa/ | mata /mata/ | 𐬗𐬀𐬱𐬨𐬀𐬥 /tʃaʃman/ |
| Mkono | ǃumma /ǃumːa/ | ǃom-mi /ǃomːi/ | ǀkxʼàa /ǀkxʼaː/ | 𔑁𔓯𔑶𔖸 /ˈistri/ | *ŋāla /ŋāla/ | rima /rima/ | 𐬰𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀 /zasta/ |
| Moyo | ǂaob /ǂaob/ | ǂgaob /ǂɡaob/ | ǀqʼàn /ǀqʼã/ | — /—/ | *mēwan /mēwan/ | — /—/ | 𐬰𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛 /zərəd/ |
| Upendo | ǀnam /ǀnam/ | ǀnam /ǀnam/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | aroha /ʔaroha/ | 𐬟𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 /frija/ |
| Mti | hais /haìs/ | hai-s /hais/ | ʼʘnàje /ʔʘnaje/ | — /—/ | *mō /mō/ | rait /rait/ | 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬯𐬀 /waesa/ |
| Nyumba | oms /oms/ | oms /oms/ | — /—/ | 𔔙𔐤𔖪 /ˈparnantsa/ | — /—/ | fare /fare/ | 𐬥𐬨𐬁𐬥𐬀 /nmaːna/ |
| Mbwa | arib /arib/ | arib /arib/ | ǂqhài /ǂqʰai/ | zuwana- /tsuˈwana/ | *ŋinda /ŋinda/ | kuri /kuri/ | 𐬯𐬞𐬁 /spaː/ |
| Paka | — /—/ | ǀores /ǀoɾes/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Kula | ǂʼũ /ǂʼũ/ | ǂû /ǂũː/ | ʼâã /ʔãː/ | ad- /ad/ | *ǰep- /ǰep-/ | kai /kai/ | 𐬑𐬬𐬀𐬭 /xwar/ |
| Kunywa | xʼā /xʼaː/ | ā /aː/ | kxʼāhã /kxʼaːhã/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | inu /inu/ | 𐬞𐬁 /paː/ |
| Moja | ǀui /ǀui/ | ǀgui /ǀɡui/ | ǂʼûã /ǂʼũã/ | — /—/ | *emun /emun/ | tahi /tahi/ | 𐬀𐬉𐬬𐬀 /aewa/ |
| Mbili | ǀgam /ǀʔam/ | ǀam /ǀàm/ | ǂnûm /ǂûm/ | — /—/ | *ǰör /ǰör/ | rua /rua/ | 𐬛𐬬𐬀 /dva/ |
| Habari | — /—/ | matisâ /matisãː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Asante | — /—/ | aios /aios/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Nzuri | ǃãĩ /ǃãĩ/ | ǃgâib /ǃɡãĩb/ | — /—/ | wasu- /ˈwaːsu/ | — /—/ | maiata /maiata/ | 𐬬𐬊𐬵𐬎 /vohu/ |
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