Khoekhoegowab
Kinama (Khoekhoe)
Khoe-Kwadi (Khoisan)
Kinama (Khoekhoegowab) ni lugha kubwa zaidi ya kundi la Khoisan na lugha ya milio ya mdomo (click) inayozungumzwa zaidi katika familia ya Khoe (Khoisan) — ingawa lugha za Kibantu kama Kizulu na Kixhosa zina wazungumzaji wengi zaidi ambao usemi wao una milio ya mdomo ya kifonimu. Ni lugha rasmi ya jamii za Wakhoekhoe na Wadamara nchini Namibia na Jimbo la Cape Kaskazini nchini Afrika Kusini. Ina aina nne za milio ya mdomo ya kifonimu — ǀ (ya meno), ǁ (ya kando), ǂ (ya ufizi-kaakaa), ǃ (ya nyuma ya ufizi) — na kwa kawaida huandikwa kwa alama za milio za mtindo wa IPA. Kinama ni lugha ya kitaifa inayotambuliwa nchini Namibia na hutegemeza vyombo vya utangazaji, elimu ya shule, na desturi ya kutafsiri Biblia.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Kinama (Khoekhoe)
Maji
ǁgam-i
/ǁɡami/
Moto
ǀae-s
/ǀaes/
Jua
sores
/soɾes/
Mwezi
ǁkhâb
/ǁkʰãːb/
Nyota
ǀgamiros
/ǀɡamiros/
Mama
ǁgûs
/ǁɡũːs/
Baba
ǁgûb
/ǁɡũːb/
Mimi
tita
/titá/
Wewe
sats
/sats/
Jina
ǀons
/ǀòns/
Jicho
mûs
/mũːs/
Mkono
ǃom-mi
/ǃomːi/
Moyo
ǂgaob
/ǂɡaob/
Upendo
ǀnam
/ǀnam/
Mti
hai-s
/hais/
Nyumba
oms
/oms/
Mbwa
arib
/arib/
Paka
ǀores
/ǀoɾes/
Kula
ǂû
/ǂũː/
Kunywa
ā
/aː/
Moja
ǀgui
/ǀɡui/
Mbili
ǀam
/ǀàm/
Habari
matisâ
/matisãː/
Asante
aios
/aios/
Nzuri
ǃgâib
/ǃɡãĩb/
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Khoe-Kwadi (Khoisan) zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kinama (Khoekhoe) | Kikorana | Kihausa | Kitaa | Kikpelle | Kisandawe | Kipoqomchi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | ǁgam-i /ǁɡami/ | ǁammi /ǁamːi/ | ruwa /ɾuwaː/ | ǃqhàa /ǃqʰaː/ | ya /ja/ | tsʼa /tsʼa/ | haʼ /haʔ/ |
| Moto | ǀae-s /ǀaes/ | ǀaeb /ǀʔaeb/ | wuta /wuta/ | ǀʼàã /ǀʼãː/ | kɔ̃a /kõa/ | tsʼoo /tsʼoː/ | qʼaaq /qʼaːq/ |
| Jua | sores /soɾes/ | sores /sores/ | rana /ɾaːnaː/ | ǁʼân /ǁʼã/ | pelei /pelei/ | kʼɔɔ /kʼɔː/ | qʼij /qʼih/ |
| Mwezi | ǁkhâb /ǁkʰãːb/ | ǁkhab /ǁkʰab/ | wata /wata/ | ǃqhàn /ǃqʰã/ | kɔŋɔ /kɔŋɔ/ | tsoa /tsoa/ | ik /ik/ |
| Nyota | ǀgamiros /ǀɡamiros/ | ǀgami /ǀʔami/ | tauraro /tauraːro/ | ǃqʰái /ǃqʰái/ | ɓɔlɔŋ /ɓɔ̀lɔ̀ŋ/ | hĩǀáwã /hĩ́ǀáwã̀ː/ | chʼumiil /tʃʼumiːl/ |
| Mama | ǁgûs /ǁɡũːs/ | ʔẽs /ʔẽs/ | uwa /uwaː/ | qáe /qae/ | ngaa /ŋaː/ | yei /jei/ | tuut /tuːt/ |
| Baba | ǁgûb /ǁɡũːb/ | ǁnaob /ǁnaob/ | uba /ubaː/ | a̰a /a̰a/ | laai /laːi/ | ai /ai/ | ajaab /ahaːb/ |
| Mimi | tita /titá/ | tita /titá/ | ni /niː/ | ń /ŋ̩/ | ŋá /ŋá/ | tsi /tsíː/ | hin /hin/ |
| Wewe | sats /sats/ | sats /sats/ | kai /kai/ | a /aː/ | í /í/ | hapu /hapu/ | hat /hat/ |
| Jina | ǀons /ǀòns/ | ǀons /ǀons/ | suna /suːnaː/ | ǀqʼûle /ǀʛûle/ | laa /lâː/ | ǁwâ /ǁʷâ/ | bʼih /ɓih/ |
| Jicho | mûs /mũːs/ | mũb /mũb/ | ido /idoː/ | ǃʼûĩ /ǃʼũĩ/ | ŋɛ /ŋɛ/ | gaa /ɡaː/ | nakʼ /nakʼ/ |
| Mkono | ǃom-mi /ǃomːi/ | ǃumma /ǃumːa/ | hannu /hanːu/ | ǀkxʼàa /ǀkxʼaː/ | yee /jeː/ | kxʼaa /kxʼaː/ | qʼab /qʼab/ |
| Moyo | ǂgaob /ǂɡaob/ | ǂaob /ǂaob/ | zuciya /zutʃija/ | ǀqʼàn /ǀqʼã/ | lii /liː/ | ǁʼampoo /ǁʼampoː/ | kʼuxl /kʼuʃl/ |
| Upendo | ǀnam /ǀnam/ | ǀnam /ǀnam/ | ƙauna /kʼauna/ | — /—/ | gboma /ɡboma/ | kalokisi /kalokisi/ | rahaal /rahaːl/ |
| Mti | hai-s /hais/ | hais /haìs/ | bishiya /biʃija/ | ʼʘnàje /ʔʘnaje/ | woo /woː/ | hetsʼee /hetsʼeː/ | cheeʼ /tʃeʔ/ |
| Nyumba | oms /oms/ | oms /oms/ | gida /ɡida/ | — /—/ | pere /pere/ | ge /ɡe/ | paat /paːt/ |
| Mbwa | arib /arib/ | arib /arib/ | kare /kaɾe/ | ǂqhài /ǂqʰai/ | nyila /ɲila/ | ǀɔɔ /ǀɔː/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ |
| Paka | ǀores /ǀoɾes/ | — /—/ | kyanwa /kʲanwa/ | — /—/ | gbele /ɡbele/ | misho /miʃo/ | mees /meːs/ |
| Kula | ǂû /ǂũː/ | ǂʼũ /ǂʼũ/ | ci /tʃiː/ | ʼâã /ʔãː/ | nyii /ɲiː/ | ǁee /ǁeː/ | wai /wai/ |
| Kunywa | ā /aː/ | xʼā /xʼaː/ | sha /ʃaː/ | kxʼāhã /kxʼaːhã/ | yiti /jiti/ | ʔee /ʔeː/ | uuk /uːk/ |
| Moja | ǀgui /ǀɡui/ | ǀui /ǀui/ | ɗaya /ɗaja/ | ǂʼûã /ǂʼũã/ | taa /taː/ | tsʼekʼe /tsʼekʼe/ | jino /hino/ |
| Mbili | ǀam /ǀàm/ | ǀgam /ǀʔam/ | biyu /biju/ | ǂnûm /ǂûm/ | feere /fèːɽè/ | kisó /kísôxì/ | kiʼib /kiʔiɓ/ |
| Habari | matisâ /matisãː/ | — /—/ | sannu /sanːu/ | — /—/ | halee /haleː/ | gabaeesa /ɡabaeːsa/ | ma chaa /ma tʃaː/ |
| Asante | aios /aios/ | — /—/ | na gode /na ɡode/ | — /—/ | balika /balika/ | musʼokoyo /musʼokojo/ | tioxlaab /tjoʃlaːb/ |
| Nzuri | ǃgâib /ǃɡãĩb/ | ǃãĩ /ǃãĩ/ | nagari /naɡaɾi/ | — /—/ | nyaŋa /ɲaŋa/ | tlʼobe /tɬʼobe/ | saqʼwach /saqʼwatʃ/ |
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