沖縄方言の漢字音(ウチナーヤマトゥグチ)

Sino-Kijapani cha Okinawa

Japonic > Japanese (Okinawan-substrate variety)

FamiliaJaponic > Japanese (Okinawan-substrate variety) Wasemaji約100万人 (沖縄県内の話者推定) EneoOkinawa Prefecture, Japan Uandishi wa KilatiniHepburn romanization with Ryukyuan substrate rules UsomajiSino-Japanese readings as adapted in Okinawan-substrate Japanese

This is NOT Okinawan proper (Uchinaaguchi 沖縄口, a separate Ryukyuan language with its own Sino-Ryukyuan readings); it is the variety of MODERN JAPANESE spoken in Okinawa with substrate influence from Okinawan phonology — sometimes called Uchinaa-yamatuguchi (ウチナーヤマトゥグチ, 'Okinawan-flavoured Japanese'). The single most pervasive substrate effect on Sino-Japanese citation forms is the canonical Ryukyuan three-vowel raising: short /e/ → /i/, short /o/ → /u/, long /eː/ → /iː/, long /oː/ → /uː/. Thus 月 getsu → gitsu, 東 tō → tū, 西 sei → sii, 見 ken → kin, 木 boku → buku, 五 go → gu. Diphthongs /ai au/ are typically preserved (海 kai, 来 rai). This raising affects every vowel in the inventory and so reshapes a large fraction of common on-yomi, making it the most systematic Sino-Japanese reading difference of any Japanese dialect. Data here follow the substrate phonology described by Shimoji (2010) for Okinawan and Pellard for Ryukyuan, applied to standard Hepburn citation forms.

Inakozungumzwa

Usomaji wa herufi za Han katika Sino-Kijapani cha Okinawa

Herufi Maana Usomaji Umbo IPA
one イツitsu /it͡sɯ/
two ji /d͡ʑi/
three サンsan /saɴ/
four shi /ɕi/
five gu /gu/
six リクriku /ɾikɯ/
seven シツshitsu /ɕit͡sɯ/
eight ハツhatsu /hat͡sɯ/
nine キュウkyū /kjɯː/
ten シュウshū /ɕɯː/
sun ジツjitsu /d͡ʑit͡sɯ/
moon ギツgitsu /git͡sɯ/
mountain サンsan /saɴ/
water スイsui /sɯi/
fire ka /ka/
tree ブクbuku /bukɯ/
soil tu /tu/
sky ティンtin /tiɴ/
ground chi /t͡ɕi/
sea キー /kiː/
dragon リュウryū /ɾjuː/
tiger ku /ku/
dog キンkin /kiɴ/
horse ba /ba/
bird チュウchū /t͡ɕuː/
fish ギュgyu /gju/
ox ギュウgyū /gjɯː/
sheep ユウ /juː/
cat ビュウbyū /bjuː/
person ジンjin /d͡ʑiɴ/
hand シュウshū /ɕɯː/
foot スクsuku /sukɯ/
eye ブクbuku /bukɯ/
ear ji /d͡ʑi/
mouth クウ /kuː/
head ツウ /tuː/
heart シンshin /ɕiɴ/
blood キツkitsu /kit͡sɯ/
meat ジクjiku /d͡ʑikɯ/
up シュウshū /ɕuː/
down ka /ka/
middle チュウchū /t͡ɕɯː/
hit チュウchū /t͡ɕɯː/
center ウウū /uː/
left sa /sa/
right ユウ /jɯː/
east ツウ /tuː/
西 west シー /siː/
south ダンdan /daɴ/
north フクhuku /hukɯ/
go ギョウgyō /ɡʲoː/
row クウ /kuː/
come リー /ɾiː/
leave キュkyu /kju/
see キンkin /kiɴ/
hear ブンbun /bɯɴ/
eat シュクshuku /ɕukɯ/
drink インin /iɴ/
run スウ /suː/
sit sa /sa/
stand リツritsu /ɾit͡sɯ/

Vyanzo

Ulinganishaji wa usomaji wa Han

Imelinganishwa na lugha za Japonic > Japanese (Okinawan-substrate variety) zinazohusiana

Herufi Sino-Kijapani cha OkinawaKijapaniSino-Kijapani cha KagoshimaSino-Kijapani cha TōhokuSinokoria cha ZainichiSinojapani cha KaleKikorea (Korea Kaskazini)
itsu /it͡sɯ/ 漢音 / Kan-onitsu /it͡sɯ/呉音 / Go-onichi /it͡ɕi/ it /it̚/ itsu /id͡zɯ̈/ il /iɾɯ/ iti /iti/ il /il/
ji /d͡ʑi/ 漢音 / Kan-onji /d͡ʑi/呉音 / Go-onni /ni/ ji /d͡ʑi/ ji /zɯ̈/ i /i/ ni /ɲi/ i /i/
san /saɴ/ san /saɴ/ san /saɴ/ san /saɴ/ sam /sam/ sam /sam/ sam /sam/
shi /ɕi/ shi /ɕi/ shi /ɕi/ si /sɯ̈/ sa /sa/ si /ɕi/ sa /sa/
gu /gu/ go /go/ go /go/ go /ŋo/ o /o/ go /ŋo/ o /o/
riku /ɾikɯ/ 漢音 / Kan-onriku /ɾikɯ/呉音 / Go-onroku /ɾokɯ/ rik /ɾik̚/ rigu /ɾiɡɯ/ yuk /jukɯ/ roku /roku/ ryuk /ɾjuk̚/
shitsu /ɕit͡sɯ/ 漢音 / Kan-onshitsu /ɕit͡sɯ/呉音 / Go-onshichi /ɕit͡ɕi/ shit /ɕit̚/ shitsu /sɯ̈t͡sɯ̈/ chil /t͡ɕiɾɯ/ siti /ɕiti/ ch'il /tsʰil/
hatsu /hat͡sɯ/ 漢音 / Kan-onhatsu /hat͡sɯ/呉音 / Go-onhachi /hat͡ɕi/ hat /hat̚/ hatsu /hat͡sɯ/ pal /paɾɯ/ pati /pati/ p'al /pʰal/
kyū /kjɯː/ 漢音 / Kan-onkyū /kjɯː/呉音 / Go-onku /kɯ/ kyū /kjɯː/ kyū /kjɯː/ gu /ku/ kiu /kiu/ ku /ku/
shū /ɕɯː/ 漢音 / Kan-onshū /ɕɯː/呉音 / Go-on /d͡ʑɯː/ shū /ɕɯː/ shū /ɕɯː/ sip /ɕipɯ/ zipu /ʑipu/ sip /ɕip̚/
Ukurasa 1/7

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