𐤐𐤍𐤊

Punic

Afro-Asiatic (Northwest Semitic, Canaanite) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyAfro-Asiatic (Northwest Semitic, Canaanite) SpeakersExtinct (~800 BCE-5th c. CE) ScriptPunic alphabet (cursive Phoenician) CountriesCarthage and the Punic Mediterranean (Tunisia, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, etc.) Official inCarthaginian Empire Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3xpu

Punic was the late variety of Phoenician spoken across the Carthaginian commercial empire and its successor states from Cádiz to Sardinia, Malta, Sicily, and the Maghreb coast. After the Roman destruction of Carthage in 146 BCE, it persisted as a regional language in North Africa for centuries — Augustine of Hippo, writing in the late 4th century CE, attested its continued vernacular use. Neo-Punic developed cursive letterforms increasingly distinct from the older Phoenician monumental script.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Punic

Water

𐤌𐤉𐤌

/majim/

Fire

𐤀𐤔

/ʔeʃ/

Sun

𐤔𐤌𐤔

/ʃameʃ/

Moon

𐤉𐤓𐤇

/jeraħ/

Mother

𐤀𐤌

/ʔem/

Father

𐤀𐤁

/ʔav/

Eat

𐤀𐤊𐤋

/ʔakal/

Drink

𐤔𐤕

/ʃat/

Love

𐤀𐤇𐤁

/ʔaheb/

Heart

𐤋𐤁

/lib/

Tree

𐤏𐤑

/ʕeʦʕ/

House

𐤁𐤕

/bajit/

Dog

𐤊𐤋𐤁

/kalb/

Cat

/—/

Hand

𐤉𐤃

/jad/

Eye

𐤏𐤍

/ʕajin/

Hello

𐤔𐤋𐤌

/ʃalom/

Thank you

/—/

One

𐤀𐤇𐤃

/ʔeħad/

Good

𐤈𐤁

/tˤob/

Words compared

Compared with related Afro-Asiatic (Northwest Semitic, Canaanite) languages

Meaning PunicPhoenicianOld AramaicUgariticSabaeanBiblical HebrewMishnaic Hebrew
Water 𐤌𐤉𐤌 /majim/ 𐤌𐤌 /majim/ מין /majin/ 𐎎𐎊 /maju/ 𐩣𐩺 /maːʔ/ מים /majim/ מים /majim/
Fire 𐤀𐤔 /ʔeʃ/ 𐤀𐤔 /ʔeʃ/ אש /ʔɛʃ/ 𐎛𐎌𐎚 /ʔiʃt/ 𐩱𐩪 /ʔas/ אש /ʔeʃ/ אש /ʔeʃ/
Sun 𐤔𐤌𐤔 /ʃameʃ/ 𐤔𐤌𐤔 /ʃameʃ/ שמש /ʃamʃ/ 𐎌𐎔𐎌 /ʃapʃ/ 𐩦𐩣𐩪 /ʃams/ שמש /ʃemeʃ/ חמה /ħamːa/
Moon 𐤉𐤓𐤇 /jeraħ/ 𐤉𐤓𐤇 /jaræħ/ שהר /sahr/ 𐎊𐎗𐎈 /jaːriχ/ 𐩥𐩧𐩭 /warkʰ/ ירח /jɔːreːaħ/ לבנה /levɑnɑ/
Mother 𐤀𐤌 /ʔem/ 𐤀𐤌 /ʔem/ אמ /ʔem/ 𐎜𐎎 /ʔumm/ 𐩱𐩣 /ʔumm/ אם /ʔeːm/ אם /ʔem/
Father 𐤀𐤁 /ʔav/ 𐤀𐤁 /ʔab/ אב /ʔab/ 𐎜𐎁 /ʔabu/ 𐩱𐩨 /ʔab/ אב /ʔɔːv/ אב /ʔɑv/
Eat 𐤀𐤊𐤋 /ʔakal/ 𐤀𐤊𐤋 /ʔakal/ אכל /ʔakal/ 𐎍𐎈𐎎 /laħam/ 𐩱𐩫𐩡 /ʔakal/ אכל /ʔɔːxal/ אוכל /ʔoχel/
Drink 𐤔𐤕 /ʃat/ 𐤔𐤕 /ʃat/ שתה /ʃataː/ 𐎌𐎚𐎊 /ʃataju/ 𐩪𐩩𐩺 /ʃataja/ שתה /ʃɔːθɔː/ שותה /ʃote/
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