𐤐𐤍𐤊

Punic

Afro-Asiatic (Northwest Semitic, Canaanite) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyAfro-Asiatic (Northwest Semitic, Canaanite) SpeakersExtinct (~800 BCE-5th c. CE) ScriptPunic alphabet (cursive Phoenician) CountriesCarthage and the Punic Mediterranean (Tunisia, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, etc.) Official inCarthaginian Empire Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3xpu

Punic was the late variety of Phoenician spoken across the Carthaginian commercial empire and its successor states from Cádiz to Sardinia, Malta, Sicily, and the Maghreb coast. After the Roman destruction of Carthage in 146 BCE, it persisted as a regional language in North Africa for centuries — Augustine of Hippo, writing in the late 4th century CE, attested its continued vernacular use. Neo-Punic developed cursive letterforms increasingly distinct from the older Phoenician monumental script.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Punic

Water

𐤌𐤉𐤌

/majim/

Fire

𐤀𐤔

/ʔeʃ/

Sun

𐤔𐤌𐤔

/ʃameʃ/

Moon

𐤉𐤓𐤇

/jeraħ/

Star

𐤊𐤊𐤁

/koːkab/

Mother

𐤀𐤌

/ʔem/

Father

𐤀𐤁

/ʔav/

I

𐤀𐤍𐤊

/ʔanoːk/

You

𐤀𐤕

/ʔatta/

Name

𐤔𐤌

/ʃem/

Eye

𐤏𐤍

/ʕajin/

Hand

𐤉𐤃

/jad/

Heart

𐤋𐤁

/lib/

Love

𐤀𐤇𐤁

/ʔaheb/

Tree

𐤏𐤑

/ʕesˤ/

House

𐤁𐤕

/bajit/

Dog

𐤊𐤋𐤁

/kalb/

Cat

/—/

Eat

𐤀𐤊𐤋

/ʔakal/

Drink

𐤔𐤕

/ʃat/

One

𐤀𐤇𐤃

/ʔeħad/

Two

𐤔𐤍𐤌

/ʃnem/

Hello

𐤔𐤋𐤌

/ʃalom/

Thank you

/—/

Good

𐤈𐤁

/tˤob/

Words compared

Compared with related Afro-Asiatic (Northwest Semitic, Canaanite) languages

Meaning PunicPhoenicianOld AramaicUgariticSabaeanBiblical HebrewMishnaic Hebrew
Water 𐤌𐤉𐤌 /majim/ 𐤌𐤌 /meːm/ מין /majin/ 𐎎𐎊 /maju/ 𐩣𐩥 /maw/ מים /majim/ מים /majim/
Fire 𐤀𐤔 /ʔeʃ/ 𐤀𐤔 /ʔeʃ/ נור /nuːr/ 𐎛𐎌𐎚 /ʔiʃt/ 𐩱𐩪 /ʔas/ אש /ʔeʃ/ אש /ʔeʃ/
Sun 𐤔𐤌𐤔 /ʃameʃ/ 𐤔𐤌𐤔 /ʃameʃ/ שמש /ʃamʃ/ 𐎌𐎔𐎌 /ʃapʃ/ 𐩦𐩣𐩪 /ʃams/ שמש /ʃemeʃ/ חמה /ħamːa/
Moon 𐤉𐤓𐤇 /jeraħ/ 𐤉𐤓𐤇 /jaræħ/ שהר /sahr/ 𐎊𐎗𐎈 /jaːriχ/ 𐩥𐩧𐩭 /warχ/ ירח /jɔːreːaħ/ לבנה /levɑnɑ/
Star 𐤊𐤊𐤁 /koːkab/ 𐤊𐤊𐤁 /koːkab/ כוכב /kawkab/ 𐎋𐎁𐎋𐎁 /kabkabu/ 𐩫𐩨𐩫𐩨 /kabkab/ כּוֹכָב /koːˈxaːv/ כּוֹכָב /koˈxav/
Mother 𐤀𐤌 /ʔem/ 𐤀𐤌 /ʔem/ אמ /ʔem/ 𐎜𐎎 /ʔumm/ 𐩱𐩣 /ʔumm/ אם /ʔeːm/ אם /ʔem/
Father 𐤀𐤁 /ʔav/ 𐤀𐤁 /ʔab/ אב /ʔab/ 𐎜𐎁 /ʔabu/ 𐩱𐩨 /ʔab/ אב /ʔɔːv/ אב /ʔɑv/
I 𐤀𐤍𐤊 /ʔanoːk/ 𐤀𐤍𐤊 /ʔanoːkiː/ אנה /ʔanaː/ 𐎀𐎐𐎋 /ʔanaːku/ 𐩱𐩬 /ʔana/ אֲנִי /ʔaˈniː/ אֲנִי /ʔaˈni/
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