𐤃𐤁𐤓𐤉𐤌 𐤊𐤍𐤏𐤍𐤉𐤌

Phoenician

Afro-Asiatic (Northwest Semitic, Canaanite) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyAfro-Asiatic (Northwest Semitic, Canaanite) SpeakersExtinct (~1500 BCE-3rd c. CE) ScriptPhoenician alphabet (𐤀𐤁𐤂) CountriesPhoenicia (Lebanon, coastal Syria/Israel) + Mediterranean colonies Official inPhoenician city-states (Tyre, Sidon, Byblos, Carthage) Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3phn

Phoenician was the Northwest Semitic language of the Phoenician city-states from c. 1500 BCE. The 22-letter Phoenician alphabet is the direct or indirect ancestor of nearly all modern alphabets — Greek, Latin, Cyrillic, Hebrew, Aramaic, Arabic, and South Asian Brahmic scripts. Punic was its late variant in Carthage.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Phoenician

Water

𐤌𐤌

/majim/

Fire

𐤀𐤔

/ʔeʃ/

Sun

𐤔𐤌𐤔

/ʃameʃ/

Moon

𐤉𐤓𐤇

/jaræħ/

Mother

𐤀𐤌

/ʔem/

Father

𐤀𐤁

/ʔab/

Eat

𐤀𐤊𐤋

/ʔakal/

Drink

𐤔𐤕

/ʃat/

Love

𐤀𐤇𐤁

/ʔaheb/

Heart

𐤋𐤁

/lib/

Tree

𐤏𐤑

/ʕesˤ/

House

𐤁𐤕

/bajit/

Dog

𐤊𐤋𐤁

/kalb/

Cat

𐤔𐤍𐤓

/ʃunaːr/

Hand

𐤉𐤃

/jad/

Eye

𐤏𐤍

/ʕajin/

Hello

𐤔𐤋𐤌

/ʃalom/

Thank you

/—/

One

𐤀𐤇𐤃

/ʔeħad/

Good

𐤈𐤁

/tˤob/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Afro-Asiatic (Northwest Semitic, Canaanite) languages

Meaning PhoenicianPunicOld AramaicUgariticSabaeanMishnaic HebrewBiblical Hebrew
Water 𐤌𐤌 /majim/ 𐤌𐤉𐤌 /majim/ מין /majin/ 𐎎𐎊 /maju/ 𐩣𐩺 /maːʔ/ מים /majim/ מים /majim/
Fire 𐤀𐤔 /ʔeʃ/ 𐤀𐤔 /ʔeʃ/ אש /ʔɛʃ/ 𐎛𐎌𐎚 /ʔiʃt/ 𐩱𐩪 /ʔas/ אש /ʔeʃ/ אש /ʔeʃ/
Sun 𐤔𐤌𐤔 /ʃameʃ/ 𐤔𐤌𐤔 /ʃameʃ/ שמש /ʃamʃ/ 𐎌𐎔𐎌 /ʃapʃ/ 𐩦𐩣𐩪 /ʃams/ חמה /ħamːa/ שמש /ʃemeʃ/
Moon 𐤉𐤓𐤇 /jaræħ/ 𐤉𐤓𐤇 /jeraħ/ שהר /sahr/ 𐎊𐎗𐎈 /jaːriχ/ 𐩥𐩧𐩭 /warkʰ/ לבנה /levɑnɑ/ ירח /jɔːreːaħ/
Mother 𐤀𐤌 /ʔem/ 𐤀𐤌 /ʔem/ אמ /ʔem/ 𐎜𐎎 /ʔumm/ 𐩱𐩣 /ʔumm/ אם /ʔem/ אם /ʔeːm/
Father 𐤀𐤁 /ʔab/ 𐤀𐤁 /ʔav/ אב /ʔab/ 𐎜𐎁 /ʔabu/ 𐩱𐩨 /ʔab/ אב /ʔɑv/ אב /ʔɔːv/
Eat 𐤀𐤊𐤋 /ʔakal/ 𐤀𐤊𐤋 /ʔakal/ אכל /ʔakal/ 𐎍𐎈𐎎 /laħam/ 𐩱𐩫𐩡 /ʔakal/ אוכל /ʔoχel/ אכל /ʔɔːxal/
Drink 𐤔𐤕 /ʃat/ 𐤔𐤕 /ʃat/ שתה /ʃataː/ 𐎌𐎚𐎊 /ʃataju/ 𐩪𐩩𐩺 /ʃataja/ שותה /ʃote/ שתה /ʃɔːθɔː/
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