удин муз
Udi
NE Caucasian (Lezgic)
Udi is a Northeast Caucasian (Lezgic) language of Azerbaijan and Georgia, the linear modern descendant of the Caucasian Albanian language (Aluan) — the literary language of the medieval Caucasian Albanian church (4th-12th centuries CE). The Caucasian Albanian script, invented by Mesrop Mashtots c. 410 CE, was rediscovered through Sinai palimpsests deciphered by Gippert and Schulze in 2008-2009. Modern Udi is highly endangered with ~6,000 speakers concentrated in Niž (Nij) village in Qabala District, Azerbaijan. Udi has typologically unusual features: SOV with limited person-marking, complex case system (~12 cases), and ergative-absolutive alignment with split ergativity.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Udi
Water
хе
/xe/
Fire
арух
/arux/
Sun
бех
/beχ/
Moon
уьш
/yʃ/
Mother
нана
/nana/
Father
бабо
/babo/
Eat
уксун
/uksun/
Drink
уьгсун
/yɡsun/
Love
букӏесун
/buqʼesun/
Heart
укӏ
/uqʼ/
Tree
хунч
/xunt͡ʃ/
House
кӏойи
/qʼoji/
Dog
ха
/xa/
Cat
пӏшу
/pʼʃu/
Hand
кьил
/qʼil/
Eye
пул
/pul/
Hello
салам
/salam/
Thank you
бахтӏам
/baχtʼam/
One
са
/sa/
Good
яхъи
/jaqʼi/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related NE Caucasian (Lezgic) languages
| Meaning | Udi | Caucasian Albanian | Aghul | Budukh | Rutul | Dargwa | Kryts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | хе /xe/ | xe /xe/ | хьед /ħed/ | хьед /ħed/ | хьед /ħed/ | шин /ʃin/ | xed /xed/ |
| Fire | арух /arux/ | ow /oʊ/ | цӏай /tsʼaj/ | цӏай /tsʼaj/ | цӏай /tsʼaj/ | цӏа /tsʼa/ | ts'a /t͡sʼa/ |
| Sun | бех /beχ/ | beɣ /beɣ/ | рагъ /raʁ/ | рагъ /raʁ/ | варагъ /waraʁ/ | берхӏи /beɾħi/ | vïrïğ /vɨrɨʁ/ |
| Moon | уьш /yʃ/ | ḳac̣ḳac̣ /kʼat͡sʼkʼat͡sʼ/ | ваз /vaz/ | ваз /vaz/ | ваз /waz/ | баз /baz/ | vats /vat͡s/ |
| Mother | нана /nana/ | nana /nana/ | баб /bab/ | баб /bab/ | нин /nin/ | нес /nes/ | dada /dada/ |
| Father | бабо /babo/ | baba /baba/ | ада /ada/ | дада /dada/ | дид /did/ | атта /atːa/ | buba /buba/ |
| Eat | уксун /uksun/ | ows- /us/ | ифи /ifi/ | ухьун /uħun/ | ухьун /uħun/ | букӏан /bukʼan/ | ulkura /ulˈkura/ |
| Drink | уьгсун /yɡsun/ | owɣ- /uɣ/ | ахъан /aqʼan/ | эджи /edʒi/ | эджин /edʒin/ | даркьес /daɾqʼes/ | hatsra /hat͡sˈra/ |
| Love | букӏесун /buqʼesun/ | besown /besun/ | кӏанди /kʼandi/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | дигай /diɡaj/ | mukan /muˈkan/ |
| Heart | укӏ /uqʼ/ | ükʼ /ykʼ/ | юкӏ /jukʼ/ | юкӏ /jukʼ/ | юкӏ /jukʼ/ | уркӏ /uɾkʼ/ | rikʼ /rikʼ/ |
| Tree | хунч /xunt͡ʃ/ | xod /xod/ | тар /tar/ | тар /tar/ | хыл /χɨl/ | галга /ɡalɡa/ | xer /xer/ |
| House | кӏойи /qʼoji/ | ḳoǰ /kʼod͡ʒ/ | кьали /qʼali/ | кӏул /kʼul/ | хал /χal/ | хъали /qali/ | xal /xal/ |
| Dog | ха /xa/ | xa /xa/ | хвай /xwaj/ | хвар /χʷar/ | хыних /χɨniχ/ | хя /xja/ | xveqʼ /χveqʼ/ |
| Cat | пӏшу /pʼʃu/ | — /—/ | кац /kats/ | — /—/ | гету /ɡetu/ | гата /ɡata/ | — /—/ |
| Hand | кьил /qʼil/ | kʼul /kʼul/ | хил /xil/ | кул /kul/ | хыл /χɨl/ | някӏ /ɲækʼ/ | kul /kul/ |
| Eye | пул /pul/ | pʼul /pʼul/ | ул /ul/ | ул /ul/ | ул /ul/ | хӏули /ħuli/ | ul /ul/ |
| Hello | салам /salam/ | — /—/ | салам /salam/ | салам /salam/ | салам /salam/ | салам /salam/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | бахтӏам /baχtʼam/ | — /—/ | баркалла /baɾkalːa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | баркалла /baɾkalːa/ | — /—/ |
| One | са /sa/ | sa /sa/ | са /sa/ | са /sa/ | са /sa/ | ца /tsa/ | sa /sa/ |
| Good | яхъи /jaqʼi/ | kʼačʼal /kʼat͡ʃʼal/ | хъвай /qwaj/ | — /—/ | йишды /jiʃdɨ/ | гӏяхӏил /ʕaħil/ | yiğin /jiˈʁin/ |
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