Будад мез

Budukh

NE Caucasian (Lezgic, Shahdagh subgroup)

FamilyNE Caucasian (Lezgic, Shahdagh subgroup) Speakers~200 (critically endangered) ScriptUnwritten; occasional Latin/Cyrillic in linguistic works CountriesAzerbaijan (Quba District) Official inNo (Azerbaijani is used for literacy) ISO 639-3bdk Glottocodebudu1264

Budukh (Будад мез / Budad mez) is a critically endangered Northeast Caucasian language of the Shahdagh subgroup of the Lezgic branch, spoken by approximately 200 people in the single village of Buduq in the Quba District of northeastern Azerbaijan. Within Lezgic, Budukh forms a small Shahdagh cluster together with its closest relative Kryts (kry), both descending from a common proto-Shahdagh ancestor. Typologically Budukh has the Lezgic hallmarks — large consonant inventory with ejectives and pharyngealized phonemes, ergative-absolutive alignment, three to four noun classes, and a complex spatial case system — but unlike Lezgian or Tabasaran has no official orthography, and intergenerational transmission has largely shifted to Azerbaijani.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Budukh

Water

хьед

/ħed/

Fire

цӏай

/tsʼaj/

Sun

рагъ

/raʁ/

Moon

ваз

/vaz/

Mother

баб

/bab/

Father

дада

/dada/

Eat

ухьун

/uħun/

Drink

эджи

/edʒi/

Love

/—/

Heart

юкӏ

/jukʼ/

Tree

тар

/tar/

House

кӏул

/kʼul/

Dog

хвар

/χʷar/

Cat

/—/

Hand

кул

/kul/

Eye

ул

/ul/

Hello

салам

/salam/

Thank you

/—/

One

са

/sa/

Good

/—/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related NE Caucasian (Lezgic, Shahdagh subgroup) languages

Meaning BudukhRutulAghulTabasaranKrytsLezgianAndi
Water хьед /ħed/ хьед /ħed/ хьед /ħed/ штар /ʃtar/ xed /xed/ яд /jad/ лъен /ɬen/
Fire цӏай /tsʼaj/ цӏай /tsʼaj/ цӏай /tsʼaj/ цӏа /tsʼa/ ts'a /t͡sʼa/ цӏай /tsʼaj/ цӏай /tsʼaj/
Sun рагъ /raʁ/ варагъ /waraʁ/ рагъ /raʁ/ рагъ /raʁ/ vïrïğ /vɨrɨʁ/ рагъ /raʁ/ миллӏи /milːi/
Moon ваз /vaz/ ваз /waz/ ваз /vaz/ варз /varz/ vats /vat͡s/ варз /varz/ борцӏцӏо /bortsʼːo/
Mother баб /bab/ нин /nin/ баб /bab/ бай /baj/ dada /dada/ диде /dide/ ила /ila/
Father дада /dada/ дид /did/ ада /ada/ дад /dad/ buba /buba/ буба /buba/ има /ima/
Eat ухьун /uħun/ ухьун /uħun/ ифи /ifi/ ипӏуб /ipʼub/ ulkura /ulˈkura/ тӏуьн /tʼyn/ икъвин /iqʷːin/
Drink эджи /edʒi/ эджин /edʒin/ ахъан /aqʼan/ ужуб /uʒub/ hatsra /hat͡sˈra/ хъун /qun/ игьин /iɣin/
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