Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Proto-language (reconstructed) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyProto-language (reconstructed) SpeakersExtinct (hypothetical) ScriptNone / reconstructed CountriesUpper Yellow River / eastern Himalaya (hypothetical) Official inNone Vitalityextinct

Proto-Sino-Tibetan is the reconstructed ancestor of the Sino-Tibetan (Trans-Himalayan) family — Chinese, Tibetan, Burmese and hundreds of others. It is tentatively placed in the upper Yellow River or eastern Himalayan area around 5500–3500 BCE. Its basic-vocabulary reconstruction is debated, so many cells are left blank.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Water

/—/

Fire

*mey

/mey/

Sun

*nəy

/nəy/

Moon

*s-la

/s-la/

Star

*s-kar

/s-kar/

Mother

*ma

/ma/

Father

*pa

/pa/

I

*ŋa

/ŋa/

You

*naŋ

/naŋ/

Name

*r-miŋ

/r-miŋ/

Eye

*s-mik

/s-mik/

Hand

*lak

/lak/

Heart

/—/

Love

/—/

Tree

*siŋ

/siŋ/

House

/—/

Dog

*d-kʷəy

/d-kʷəy/

Cat

/—/

Eat

*dzya

/dzya/

Drink

/—/

One

*tik

/tik/

Two

*g-nis

/g-nis/

Hello

/—/

Thank you

/—/

Good

/—/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Proto-language (reconstructed) languages

Meaning Proto-Sino-TibetanPyuLardilYangkaalProto-Japonic-KoreanicPhrygianDamin (Lardil ceremonial register)
Water /—/ ʔuy /uj/ kantha /kanθa/ ngogo /ŋoɡo/ /—/ /—/ /—/
Fire *mey /mey/ vyaŋ /wjaŋ/ jalul /dʒalul/ ngida /ŋida/ /—/ /—/ l!ii /lǃiː/
Sun *nəy /nəy/ ño /ɲo/ thurara /θuɾaɾa/ wargu /waɾɡu/ /—/ /—/ /—/
Moon *s-la /s-la/ hla /hla/ kirdikir /kiɖikir/ waldar /waldaɾ/ /—/ masê /maˈseː/ /—/
Star *s-kar /s-kar/ kar /karʔ/ kambin /kambin/ thurara /t̪uɾaɾa/ /—/ /—/ l*i /ʎ͡ʘi/
Mother *ma /ma/ na /na/ ngama /ŋama/ ngama /ŋama/ *əma /əma/ mater /ˈmater/ /—/
Father *pa /pa/ paʔ /paʔ/ /—/ kanda /kanda/ *əpa /əpa/ atas /aˈtas/ /—/
I *ŋa /ŋa/ ŋa /ŋa/ ngada /ŋada/ ngada /ŋada/ /—/ az /az/ n!aa /ŋ͡ʘaː/
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