Pyu

Sino-Tibetan (Pyu) · historical / hidden variety

FamilySino-Tibetan (Pyu) SpeakersExtinct (~4-12c. CE) ScriptPyu script (Brahmic-derived, partially deciphered) CountriesPyu City-States (central Burma) Official inPyu City-States Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3pyx

Pyu was spoken by the Pyu City-States of central Burma (Sri Ksetra, Beikthano, Halin) from the 4th to 12th centuries. It is a Sino-Tibetan language whose precise affiliation within the family is debated. The Pyu script (a Brahmic abugida) is partially deciphered; vocabulary is largely confined to Buddhist inscriptions on stupas. Many entries here are tentative or unattested.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Pyu

Water

ʔuy

/uj/

Fire

vyaŋ

/wjaŋ/

Sun

ño

/ɲo/

Moon

hla

/hla/

Star

kar

/karʔ/

Mother

na

/na/

Father

paʔ

/paʔ/

I

ŋa

/ŋa/

You

naŋ

/naŋ/

Name

miŋ

/miŋ/

Eye

mik

/mik/

Hand

lak

/lak/

Heart

/—/

Love

/—/

Tree

siŋ

/siŋ/

House

vaiŋ

/waiŋ/

Dog

kwiy

/kwij/

Cat

/—/

Eat

cyaʔ

/tɕaʔ/

Drink

/—/

One

te

/te/

Two

nit

/nit/

Hello

/—/

Thank you

/—/

Good

/—/

Words compared

Compared with related Sino-Tibetan (Pyu) languages

Meaning PyuProto-Sino-TibetanLardilYangkaalYuchiKusundaOld Burmese
Water ʔuy /uj/ /—/ kantha /kanθa/ ngogo /ŋoɡo/ cha /tʃa/ tang /tɑŋ/ ရိ /riy/
Fire vyaŋ /wjaŋ/ *mey /mey/ jalul /dʒalul/ ngida /ŋida/ tsoda /tsoda/ yu /ju/ မိး /miːʔ/
Sun ño /ɲo/ *nəy /nəy/ thurara /θuɾaɾa/ wargu /waɾɡu/ dethla /dɛhla/ nəm /nəm/ နိ /niy/
Moon hla /hla/ *s-la /s-la/ kirdikir /kiɖikir/ waldar /waldaɾ/ zethla /zɛhla/ pom /pom/ /la/
Star kar /karʔ/ *s-kar /s-kar/ kambin /kambin/ thurara /t̪uɾaɾa/ weʼyv /weʔỹ/ sam /sam/ ကြယ် /kraj/
Mother na /na/ *ma /ma/ ngama /ŋama/ ngama /ŋama/ ahnʌh /ahnʌh/ /—/ အမိ /ʔamiy/
Father paʔ /paʔ/ *pa /pa/ /—/ kanda /kanda/ /—/ yi /ji/ အဖ /ʔap/
I ŋa /ŋa/ *ŋa /ŋa/ ngada /ŋada/ ngada /ŋada/ di /di/ tsi /tsi/ ငာ /ŋaː/
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