Hñöñho

Querétaro Otomi

Otomanguean

FamilyOtomanguean Speakers~30K (vulnerable) ScriptLatin CountriesMexico Official inNo nationally (recognized as a national language of Mexico under the 2003 LGDLPI, with the same validity as Spanish in its own territory) Vitalityvulnerable ISO 639-3otq

Querétaro Otomi (autonymously Hñöñho) is an Otomi language of the Otomanguean family, spoken by around 30,000 people in the Querétaro state of central Mexico. Linguistically, it is part of the Otomi macrolanguage cluster alongside Mezquital Otomi (ote) and several other Otomi varieties; ISO 639-3 distinguishes it under code "otq". Querétaro Otomi is one of the most-vibrant Otomi varieties, with strong intergenerational transmission in the Amealco de Bonfil and Tolimán municipalities. The Querétaro Otomi community has maintained their indigenous identity and language through centuries of post-Aztec and Spanish colonial pressure, with significant 20th-century revitalization through bilingual education programs run by INALI and the Querétaro state government.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Querétaro Otomi

Water

dehe

/tehe/

Fire

tsibi

/tsibi/

Sun

hyadi

/hjadi/

Moon

zänä

/zãnã/

Star

tsʼe

/tsʼe/

Mother

mu

/mu/

Father

dada

/dada/

I

nugä

/nuɡæ/

You

nuʼi

/nuʔi/

Name

thuuhu

/tʰũːhũ/

Eye

da

/da/

Hand

'ye

/ʔje/

Heart

mui

/mui/

Love

mädi

/mãdi/

Tree

za

/za/

House

ngu

/ŋɡu/

Dog

yo

/jo/

Cat

mishi

/miʃi/

Eat

shi

/ʃi/

Drink

tsi

/tsi/

One

'na

/ʔna/

Two

yoho

/joho/

Hello

/hã/

Thank you

jamädi

/hamãdi/

Good

hño

/hɲo/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Otomanguean languages

Meaning Querétaro OtomiOtomiMazahuaMisakShipibo-ConiboWaraoStandard Moroccan Tamazight
Water dehe /tehe/ dehe /tehe/ ndeje /ndehe/ unø /unø/ jene /hene/ hoidu /hojdu/ ⴰⵎⴰⵏ /aman/
Fire tsibi /tsibi/ tsibi /tsibi/ sibi /sibi/ nipi /nipi/ chii /tʃiː/ hekunu /hekunu/ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵙⵉ /timsːi/
Sun hyadi /hjadi/ hyadi /hjadi/ jiarú /hjaˈɾu/ shi /ʃi/ bari /bari/ ya /ja/ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ /tafukt/
Moon zänä /zãnã/ zänä /zãnã/ zana /zana/ atru /atɾu/ oxe /oʃe/ waniku /waniku/ ⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ /ajːur/
Star tsʼe /tsʼe/ tsʼe /tsʼe/ seje /seʔe/ kualøm /kwalʌm/ wishati /wiʃati/ kura /kura/ ⵉⵜⵔⵉ /itri/
Mother mu /mu/ nänä /nãnã/ nana /nana/ mama /mama/ tita /tita/ dani /dani/ ⵉⵎⵎⴰ /imːa/
Father dada /dada/ tada /tada/ tata /tata/ tata /tata/ papa /papa/ daka /daka/ ⴱⴰⴱⴰ /baba/
I nugä /nuɡæ/ nugä /nuɡæ/ nuts'ko /nutsʔko/ na /na/ ea /ea/ ine /ine/ ⵏⴽⴽ /nəkː/
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