Hñähñu

Otomi

Oto-Manguean (Otomian)

FamilyOto-Manguean (Otomian) Speakers~290K ScriptLatin CountriesMexico (Hidalgo, Mexico State, Querétaro) Official inMexico (recognized indigenous) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3ote

Otomi (Hñähñu) is an Oto-Manguean language indigenous to central Mexico, spoken in mountainous communities of Hidalgo, Querétaro, México State, Puebla, and Veracruz. The Otomi were one of the major pre-Hispanic peoples of the central highlands and pre-date Nahuatl speakers in the region; they remained ritually significant after the Aztec ascendancy. Otomi is renowned for its complex tonal phonology, nasalization contrasts, and rich ceremonial vocabulary preserved in Hñähñu oral poetry.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Otomi

Water

dehe

/tehe/

Fire

tsibi

/tsibi/

Sun

hyadi

/hjadi/

Moon

zänä

/zãnã/

Mother

nänä

/nãnã/

Father

tada

/tada/

Eat

ñuni

/ɲuni/

Drink

tsi

/tsi/

Love

mädi

/mãdi/

Heart

mui

/mui/

Tree

za

/za/

House

ngu

/ŋɡu/

Dog

yo

/jo/

Cat

mixi

/miʃi/

Hand

'ye

/ʔje/

Eye

da

/da/

Hello

hatsi

/hatsi/

Thank you

jamädi

/hamãdi/

One

'ra

/ʔɾa/

Good

hño

/hɲo/

Words compared

Compared with related Oto-Manguean (Otomian) languages

Meaning OtomiQuerétaro OtomiMazahuaShipibo-ConiboMisakSan Blas KunaWarao
Water dehe /tehe/ dehe /tehe/ ndo /ndo/ jene /xene/ unø /unø/ di /di/ hoidu /hojdu/
Fire tsibi /tsibi/ tsibi /tsibi/ sibi /sibi/ chii /tʃiː/ nipi /nipi/ so /so/ hekunu /hekunu/
Sun hyadi /hjadi/ hyadi /hjadi/ hyadi /hjadi/ bari /bari/ shi /ʃi/ olo /olo/ ya /ja/
Moon zänä /zãnã/ zänä /zãnã/ zana /zana/ oxe /oʃe/ atru /atɾu/ nii /niː/ waniku /waniku/
Mother nänä /nãnã/ mu /mu/ nana /nana/ tita /tita/ mama /mama/ nan /nan/ dani /dani/
Father tada /tada/ da /da/ tata /tata/ papa /papa/ tata /tata/ baba /baba/ daka /daka/
Eat ñuni /ɲuni/ shi /ʃi/ ñe /ɲe/ piti /piti/ /mɵ/ gunne /ɡune/ nahoro /nahoɾo/
Drink tsi /tsi/ tsi /tsi/ theni /tʰeni/ xeati /ʃeati/ ushi /uʃi/ gobe /ɡobe/ osi /osi/
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