Hñähñu

Otomi

Oto-Manguean (Otomian)

FamilyOto-Manguean (Otomian) Speakers~290K ScriptLatin CountriesMexico (Hidalgo, Mexico State, Querétaro) Official inMexico (recognized indigenous) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3ote

Otomi (Hñähñu) is an Oto-Manguean language indigenous to central Mexico, spoken in mountainous communities of Hidalgo, Querétaro, México State, Puebla, and Veracruz. The Otomi were one of the major pre-Hispanic peoples of the central highlands and pre-date Nahuatl speakers in the region; they remained ritually significant after the Aztec ascendancy. Otomi is renowned for its complex tonal phonology, nasalization contrasts, and rich ceremonial vocabulary preserved in Hñähñu oral poetry.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Otomi

Water

dehe

/tehe/

Fire

tsibi

/tsibi/

Sun

hyadi

/hjadi/

Moon

zänä

/zãnã/

Star

tsʼe

/tsʼe/

Mother

nänä

/nãnã/

Father

tada

/tada/

I

nugä

/nuɡæ/

You

nuʼi

/nuʔi/

Name

thuhu

/tʰũhũ/

Eye

da

/da/

Hand

'ye

/ʔje/

Heart

mui

/mui/

Love

mädi

/mãdi/

Tree

za

/za/

House

ngu

/ŋɡu/

Dog

yo

/jo/

Cat

mixi

/miʃi/

Eat

ñuni

/ɲuni/

Drink

tsi

/tsi/

One

'ra

/ʔɾa/

Two

yoho

/joho/

Hello

hatsi

/hatsi/

Thank you

jamädi

/hamãdi/

Good

hño

/hɲo/

Words compared

Compared with related Oto-Manguean (Otomian) languages

Meaning OtomiQuerétaro OtomiMazahuaMisakShipibo-ConiboSan Blas KunaWaray
Water dehe /tehe/ dehe /tehe/ ndeje /ndehe/ unø /unø/ jene /hene/ di /di/ tubig /tubiɡ/
Fire tsibi /tsibi/ tsibi /tsibi/ sibi /sibi/ nipi /nipi/ chii /tʃiː/ so /so/ kalayo /kalajɔ/
Sun hyadi /hjadi/ hyadi /hjadi/ jiarú /hjaˈɾu/ shi /ʃi/ bari /bari/ olo /olo/ adlaw /ʔadlaw/
Moon zänä /zãnã/ zänä /zãnã/ zana /zana/ atru /atɾu/ oxe /oʃe/ nii /niː/ bulan /bulan/
Star tsʼe /tsʼe/ tsʼe /tsʼe/ seje /seʔe/ kualøm /kwalʌm/ wishati /wiʃati/ bisir /pisiɾ/ bitoon /bituʔon/
Mother nänä /nãnã/ mu /mu/ nana /nana/ mama /mama/ tita /tita/ nan /nan/ nanay /nanaj/
Father tada /tada/ dada /dada/ tata /tata/ tata /tata/ papa /papa/ baba /baba/ tatay /tataj/
I nugä /nuɡæ/ nugä /nuɡæ/ nuts'ko /nutsʔko/ na /na/ ea /ea/ an /an/ ako /ʔako/
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