Jñatjo

Mazahua

Otomanguean

FamilyOtomanguean Speakers~150K ScriptLatin CountriesMexico Official inNo nationally (recognized as a national language of Mexico under the 2003 LGDLPI, with the same validity as Spanish in its own territory) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3maz

Mazahua (autonymously Jñatjo, "the people who speak") is an Otomanguean language of the Otomi-Mazahua sub-branch, spoken by around 150,000 people in central Mexico, primarily in the western Estado de México around the Mazahua Sierra and the towns of Jocotitlán, San Felipe del Progreso, and Atlacomulco. The Mazahua are the largest indigenous group in Estado de México (ahead of the related Otomi/Hñähñu), and the language is one of the major Otomanguean languages of central Mexico. Linguistically, Mazahua is closely related to the Otomi varieties (ote, ots, otq), with shared features including tonal contrasts, complex consonant clusters, and verbal morphology. The Mazahua have maintained their indigenous identity through centuries of Aztec and Spanish dominance, with significant 20th-century revitalization through bilingual education programs.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Mazahua

Water

ndeje

/ndehe/

Fire

sibi

/sibi/

Sun

jiarú

/hjaˈɾu/

Moon

zana

/zana/

Star

seje

/seʔe/

Mother

nana

/nana/

Father

tata

/tata/

I

nuts'ko

/nutsʔko/

You

nutsk'e

/nutskʔe/

Name

chju'u

/tʃũʔũ/

Eye

da

/da/

Hand

ye

/je/

Heart

mŭiñ

/mwiɲ/

Love

hñu

/ɲ̥u/

Tree

za

/za/

House

ngumi

/ŋɡumi/

Dog

nyo

/ɲo/

Cat

mishi

/miʃi/

Eat

ñe

/ɲe/

Drink

theni

/tʰeni/

One

nahi

/nahi/

Two

yeje

/jeʔe/

Hello

kjamadhi

/kjamaði/

Thank you

ndios

/ndios/

Good

nzhomu

/nʒomu/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Otomanguean languages

Meaning MazahuaOtomiQuerétaro OtomiTlacolula ZapotecMisakBikol CentralWaray
Water ndeje /ndehe/ dehe /tehe/ dehe /tehe/ nisi /nisi/ unø /unø/ tubig /tubiɡ/ tubig /tubiɡ/
Fire sibi /sibi/ tsibi /tsibi/ tsibi /tsibi/ gui /ɡi/ nipi /nipi/ kalayo /kalajo/ kalayo /kalajɔ/
Sun jiarú /hjaˈɾu/ hyadi /hjadi/ hyadi /hjadi/ gubi /ɡubi/ shi /ʃi/ saldang /salˈdaŋ/ adlaw /ʔadlaw/
Moon zana /zana/ zänä /zãnã/ zänä /zãnã/ beuu /beːu/ atru /atɾu/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/
Star seje /seʔe/ tsʼe /tsʼe/ tsʼe /tsʼe/ béeld /beˀld/ kualøm /kwalʌm/ bitoon /bituʔon/ bitoon /bituʔon/
Mother nana /nana/ nänä /nãnã/ mu /mu/ xnan /ʃnan/ mama /mama/ nanay /nanaj/ nanay /nanaj/
Father tata /tata/ tada /tada/ dada /dada/ xtad /ʃtad/ tata /tata/ tatay /tataj/ tatay /tataj/
I nuts'ko /nutsʔko/ nugä /nuɡæ/ nugä /nuɡæ/ naʼ /naʔ/ na /na/ ako /ʔako/ ako /ʔako/
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